Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor and one of the diseases that seriously threaten people’s health and life. Esophageal cancer is the gradual transformation of normal epithelial cells of esophageal mucosa under the stimulation of various harmful factors inside and outside the body. It is still unclear how long it takes to develop from normal epithelium to cancer, generally speaking, it takes several years to develop from heavy epithelial hyperplasia to cancer, and about one year to develop from early cancer to middle to late cancer. In the past, it is wrong to think that early esophageal cancer has no symptoms and signals. Because these signals and symptoms are mild and can disappear automatically without treatment, they are ignored by patients and doctors and the best treatment time is lost. In fact, most of the patients with early stage esophageal cancer have different self-conscious symptoms. If you find the following symptoms, you should be alerted and go to gastroenterology department in time. 1.Choking sensation when eating: the most common. It is usually caused by swallowing rice, steamed bread and other foods in large mouths, resulting in choking or suffocating sensation. Some patients can even clearly recall the time of the first occurrence. These symptoms may disappear automatically without treatment and reappear after a few days or months, and then the frequency of occurrence and the degree of choking sensation gradually increase. They often occur when the patient has mood swings and are easily mistaken for functional symptoms. 2.Posterior sternal pain: pain behind the sternum or upper abdomen when eating is also more common. It is a burning, stabbing, pulling or rubbing sensation. When swallowing rough, overheated, irritating (such as chili pepper, strong wine, etc.) food, the pain increases, and when swallowing thin or warm and cold food in small bites, the pain is lighter. At first, it is mild and occurs less frequently, and the pain can be relieved after a few days or after taking medicine to treat it. Later, the pain may recur and worsen. According to statistics, about 50% of patients with early stage esophageal cancer have this symptom. 3. Food retention and foreign body sensation: when swallowing food or drinking water, there is a feeling of slow downward movement and retention of food, as well as a feeling of tightness behind the sternum or food adhering to the esophageal wall. Individual patients feel that the food they ate at a certain time is coarse and hard and cuts through the esophagus, so that the food adheres to the wall of the esophagus and cannot be swallowed, but they do not pay attention to it. 4, throat dryness and tightness: 30% of patients swallowed dry or rough food when such symptoms. Its occurrence is also often related to the patient’s emotional fluctuation. China has accumulated rich experience in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy, as the first choice for diagnosing esophageal cancer, is the most simple, reliable and less painful method. Biopsy of suspicious lesions during endoscopy is very important for clear diagnosis. With the continuous development of endoscopic technology in recent years, especially the development of pigmented endoscopy can detect early tumor lesions that cannot be detected by conventional endoscopy, clearly display the shape, edge and scope of lesions, improve the accuracy of sampling, and greatly improve the detection rate of early cancer. In conclusion, similar symptoms can occur in all esophageal diseases, but we should pay attention to these manifestations to achieve timely examination, early diagnosis and early treatment to improve the survival quality of patients.