Some of the inherent flaws of conventional breast cancer surgery have inspired surgeons to explore minimally invasive approaches, and breast lumpectomy has opened up a new world of minimally invasive breast cancer surgery. Breast lumpectomy-assisted breast-conserving surgery has improved the functional and cosmetic results of conventional breast-conserving surgery. Breast lumpectomy with subcutaneous mastectomy and one-stage prosthesis implantation has shown obvious advantages in the treatment of breast cancer. Breast lumpectomy-assisted small incision modified radical surgery can avoid the compression of tumor in conventional surgery and get rid of the huge and ugly incision scar on the chest wall. Breast lumpectomy axillary lymph node dissection reflects minimally invasive and functional results. Breast lumpectomy also addresses and improves some of the clinical challenges of breast surgery, such as internal breast lymph node dissection and management of complications that occur after injectable breast augmentation. In addition, immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy with the assistance of breast lumpectomy is becoming technically mature.