Neurological localization is mainly based on neurological signs and symptoms. Cerebral, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscular lesions have different manifestations. 1. Cerebral lesions: Cerebral lesions are mainly manifested by changes in the level and content of consciousness, hemiparesis, hemianopsia, epileptic seizures, hemiplegia, and mental disorders. 2. Brainstem lesions: Patients with brainstem lesions on one side may have cross paralysis, while patients with simultaneous lesions on both sides may have bilateral changes in most of the brain nerves as well as damage to the longitudinal fasciculus. 3. Cerebellar lesions: Cerebellar earthworm lesions may be associated with somatic ataxia, cerebellar hemispheric ipsilateral limb ataxia, and cerebellar language or distance discrimination defects. 4. Spinal cord lesions: transverse damage can have sensory, motor, and sphincter dysfunction in the area below the damage; unilateral damage can have spastic paralysis and deep sensory loss on the same side below the lesion, and contralateral pain and temperature sensation loss; patients with spinal cord cavernous disease can have dissociated sensory disorders. 5. Peripheral neuropathy: there may be sensory and motor disorders in the innervated area. 6. Muscle lesions: common symptoms are muscle weakness, morbid fatigue, myalgia, etc., without obvious sensory impairment. Neurological localization needs to be carried out by professional doctors according to the patient’s symptoms and signs.