”If an elderly person near you has the above symptoms, you may naturally judge that he has Alzheimer’s disease, but you may not know that another disease can also present such symptoms. 69-year-old Master Liu belongs to such a case, troubled him for three years ” The symptoms of “Alzheimer’s” that had plagued him for three years were recovered through the treatment of hydrocephalus. Two years ago, he began to suffer from slow movement and often fell down when he was walking. Later, he couldn’t even calculate the small accounts of buying food in the market. The family took into account that his father had Alzheimer’s before, and also decided that he was also Alzheimer’s, and did not pay special attention to it, but the condition worsened during the 2 years, and ran a number of hospitals to treat the condition was not significantly controlled. At this point, the family realized that the old man’s disease may not be so simple, whether it is simply Alzheimer’s disease (dementia) is also to be considered. A medical friend of the old man learned of the situation and suggested that he visit Nanjing Brain Hospital to examine in detail what the cause of the disease was. The patient came to the neurosurgery department of the hospital, and Dr. Luo, after listening to the patient’s statement, decided that he should have primary hydrocephalus, and immediately arranged relevant tests for the patient in order to clarify the diagnosis. The results showed that the cranial magnetic resonance showed an enlarged ventricular system and hydrocephalus, and a mild abnormality in intelligence assessment. The results showed that the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid routine and biochemistry were normal and the intracranial pressure fluctuated within normal values. After drainage, the patient reported a reduction in symptoms, and after stopping the drainage the patient’s symptoms rebounded and returned to the pre-admission state. This led to a clinically confirmed diagnosis of primary hydrocephalus. After discussion, Dr. Luo decided to perform a “ventriculoperitoneal shunt” for the patient. It is one of the most effective surgical treatments for hydrocephalus. A 3 cm incision is made in the patient’s posterior ear to implant a drainage tube, regulator, and drainage pump, and a 2 cm incision is made in the abdomen to shunt the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricle into the abdomen for absorption and discharge. The entire operation takes only 40 minutes, which is minimally invasive, short and less painful for the patient. After the shunt is implanted in the body, the valve can be non-invasively adjusted outside the body to accommodate changes in the patient’s condition, avoiding secondary surgery to replace the pressure valve. The surgeon can make precise pressure adjustments at any time to help control intracranial pressure and ventricular size. On the first day after surgery, the patient was able to walk out of bed and stand still on one leg. The patient could not help but exclaim that he finally got back the feeling of walking 3 years ago. The intelligence assessment showed normal. The patient was discharged from the hospital 10 days after the operation, and no rebound of symptoms was observed. He was followed up for one month after the surgery and his symptoms did not return. Dr. Luo said that the patient was very fortunate that the treatment was timely. If the patient’s condition had developed at that time, the clinical symptoms would have worsened significantly in a few months without timely treatment, and urinary incontinence and even unconsciousness would have occurred. With early surgical treatment, the patient’s condition is reversible and does not leave sequelae. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt can achieve the purpose of relieving and curing hydrocephalus, with the advantages of minimally invasive, low surgical cost, short hospitalization time, and improved quality of life. For both primary and secondary hydrocephalus patients, the center can treat them with this procedure, which can eliminate the patient’s pain and improve the quality of life in a short time. At present, the neurosurgery department has successfully performed several hundred cases of this procedure.