Myopia is a common refractive error problem with a high prevalence in China, and has gradually gained the attention of the state and society in general. The occurrence of myopia is mainly related to heredity, acquired life, learning environment and own eye structure. Although myopia is related to genetic factors, it cannot be said that myopia is a hereditary disease. Strictly speaking, it should be said that if both parents have myopia, the risk of myopia in the offspring will be greatly increased and there is a certain genetic predisposition, rather than the offspring will definitely develop myopia. The genetic predisposition to myopia is more likely to occur in people with high myopia, especially high myopia combined with retinopathy of the eye, i.e. pathological myopia. The occurrence of myopia is also related to acquired eye habits and the anatomy of one’s own eye, which are not hereditary and have individual differences, therefore, myopia is not a hereditary disease and the offspring of myopic patients are not certain to develop myopia, even if myopia occurs, it is not certain to be caused by heredity. In summary, myopia, especially high myopia, has a certain tendency to be inherited, not necessarily to be passed on to offspring, but the problem of myopia should be given enough attention to protect the eyes and avoid myopia.