What is lead? Lead is a heavy metal element, soft and silvery gray, with low melting point and corrosion resistance, and its compounds can appear pink and yellow. Lead is widely used in battery, electronics, printing, petrochemical, paint, pigment, plastic, rubber and other industries, which brings us benefits but also pollutes the living environment. Lead is a toxin for human body, which is harmful to human health. Children are in the growth and development period and are more sensitive to the toxicity of lead than adults, so lead pollution is more harmful to children. Heavy metal poisoning reference Adult lead poisoning: lead poisoning blood lead value ≥400μg/L. Chinese children’s hyperleademia: two consecutive venous blood lead values 100~199μg/L; Chinese children’s lead poisoning: two consecutive venous blood lead values ≥200μg/L. The current internationally accepted diagnostic standard for children’s lead poisoning: blood lead ≥100ug/L. However, it is not yet possible to determine the threshold value for lead to produce harmful effects on children. However, it is not possible to determine the threshold value for the harmful effects of lead in children. There are various methods of blood lead testing, and the graphite furnace method prevails. What are the signs of lead poisoning? Lead enters the human body firstly combines with red blood cells and is deposited in bones with blood flow, 80%-90% of lead in the body is stored in bones; lead in blood reaches various systems and organs through circulation, such as brain, liver, kidneys, immune organs, etc., thus causing damage, so the clinical manifestations are various. When acidosis is caused by infection, trauma, exertion, drinking alcohol or taking acidic drugs, insoluble lead stored in bones can be transformed into soluble lead and transferred to blood, which will increase blood lead concentration greatly and lead poisoning symptoms will occur. Lead poisoning in children can lead to low immune function, recurrent infections, abdominal pain, paranoia and omnivorousness, poor physical growth and development, poor concentration and mental retardation, etc. Research results show that for every 100ug/L rise in blood lead level, children’s IQ will drop 6~8 points. Lead interferes with the metabolism of zinc, calcium and other beneficial elements, and it can be difficult for zinc and calcium supplementation to be effective. Family countermeasures against childhood lead poisoning International guidelines for the prevention and treatment of childhood lead poisoning: environmental intervention, health education, clinical treatment. Family preventive measures: 1. Don’t take children to play in places with high traffic flow; push strollers less on the street, because the lead content in the air within 1 meter from the ground is 16 times higher than that in the atmosphere; 2. A hand washing can eliminate about 90% of the lead attached to the hands; 5.Do not smoke in the living room; families burning coal should open more windows for ventilation; workers engaged in lead labor must shower and change clothes before going home. 6.Eat less food with high lead content, such as popcorn, puffed eggs, etc.; 7.Avoid pharmacogenic lead poisoning: for example, lead acetate should not be used externally for infants and children; folk traditions use jaundice powder to smear infants’ skin to prevent prickly heat or red buttocks leading to lead poisoning in children. 8.If necessary, regularly check blood lead and monitor lead level in the body; carry out lead repellent treatment under the guidance of physicians.