It is often said that “disease should be treated in three parts and nourished in seven parts”, and this should be especially true for patients with liver disease. Clinical observation shows that scientific and reasonable recuperation can speed up the repair of liver cells and is essential for the overall treatment and recovery of liver disease. Generally speaking, patients with liver disease can self-cultivate in the following aspects. 1, emotional conditioning Emotion is a psychological and external expression of the changes in the external environment, but any emotional excess will have a negative impact on the human body. Especially for liver disease patients, anger hurts the liver, this is the first taboo. Chinese medicine has been elaborating on the emotions causing disease for a long time. The theory of Chinese medicine believes that: the liver is the main drainage, with the role of regulating the mood, the liver drainage function is normal, smooth qi regulation, good blood flow can play an important role in maintaining a cheerful and relaxed mood. On the contrary, the liver draining function is not normal, and liver disease is closely related to the mood changes are mainly anger and thought two. “Anger hurts the liver and thought hurts the spleen. Excessive anger and thought can lead to stagnation of qi in the liver, gallbladder, spleen and stomach, and stagnation of qi leads to blood stasis, resulting in Y obstruction and accumulation (cirrhosis and splenomegaly); unfavorable qi leads to fluid and water flow, resulting in dropsy (ascites), all of which make The disease is aggravated. Emotional changes such as depression, thinking and sadness are not conducive to recovery from liver disease. Clinical observation shows that depressed patients have a significant decline in immune function. 2. Combination of work and rest Appropriate and reasonable rest is an important part of the rehabilitation and health of liver disease patients. Especially in severe liver disease, hospitalization is necessary, absolute bed rest, the patient’s washing, urination and defecation should be taken care of by a person, and should not casually get out of bed. Through adequate rest and comprehensive treatment, patients are helped to pass the critical stage from liver cell necrosis to liver cell regeneration. Bed rest can reduce physical exertion to a minimum, while on the contrary, activity causes glycogenolysis and protein breakdown and lactic acid formation, and increased caloric consumption, which puts extra burden on the liver. In Chinese medicine, there is a saying in the Nei Jing that “when a person moves, blood moves through the meridians; when a person is still, blood returns to the liver”. Generally speaking, during the period of acute hepatitis, “quiet” should be the main focus, and doctors often advocate that patients rest in bed for a period of time. This is because bed rest can reduce physical exertion and also increase the blood flow to the liver. Experiments have shown that the blood flow to the liver is 40% higher when resting in bed than when standing up. Therefore, bed rest ensures the nutrients needed for liver cell regeneration and repair. The better the rest, the faster and more completely the condition will improve. Later, as the condition gradually improves, the amount of activity can be gradually increased, but the degree of fatigue should be mastered. In addition, after eating, it is best to rest in bed for 1-2 hours. Chronic hepatitis moderately severe (active) patients, the principle of rest should also be based on static, but does not necessarily emphasize absolute bed rest. At this time, patients can gradually carry out some light activities. Appropriate activities can enhance physical strength, active physiological functions of the organs of the body, happy body and mind, conducive to recovery, part of the liver disease patients due to lack of activity, but also blindly increase too much nutrition, the result of obesity, fatty liver, but not conducive to recovery. Chronic hepatitis patients in the recovery period or stationary period, pay attention to the combination of static and dynamic, according to their age, physique, occupation, the severity of the disease and personal preferences, habits of different, to explore the appropriate exercise and suitable exercise program. Such as walking, taijiquan, qigong practice, etc. The general principle is to increase the amount of exercise to the extent that you do not feel fatigue, each exercise to feel a little sweating can be. Patients with liver disease who are engaged in mental work should also pay attention not to overwork and ensure sufficient sleep time. Patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices should avoid activities or exercise programs that increase abdominal pressure. In addition, practice has shown that hepatitis patients who lie on their left side for half an hour after each meal and ensure a one-hour nap at noon have a faster recovery and shorter hospital stay than those who walk a hundred steps after meals, because the method of regular attention to postural rest after meals is conducive to food digestion, absorption and utilization, ensuring that the liver gets more blood supply and nutrition. 3.Ensure sufficient sleep As the saying goes, “Rest and sleep first. Restful sleep, referring to the high quality of familiar sleep, is the best way for the human body to rest, because restful sleep can drive away fatigue, restore physical strength, for the human body, good sleep is as important as a good meal, for liver disease patients, a good sleep, is a good medicine to protect the liver. Because the liver is the body’s main organ of material metabolism, a variety of nutrients absorbed by the intestines, must be sent through the blood into the liver into substances that can be used to replenish the body’s energy to generate vitality, when the liver is sick, the metabolic function is affected, the whole body does not need enough nutrition, in the clinical regardless of what kind of liver disease, the doctor must first tell patients to pay attention to rest, serious cases must also be bed rest, in order to Reduce the consumption of nutrition, which is conducive to the recovery of liver disease. Chinese medicine believes that the liver is the organ that collects blood, and 11:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m. is the time of the liver and gallbladder meridian, which can nourish the liver blood, if you can go to bed on time and get proper and sufficient sleep, the blood can be returned to the liver, so that you are very energetic and vigorous every day; if you are a “night owl” family, the liver blood can not be regulated, liver fire will be easy to inflammation If you are a “night owl”, the liver blood can not be regulated, the liver fire will easily inflammation, dry mouth and tongue and other discomfort will arise. According to Japanese scholars, the blood flow to the liver is 40% less in the standing position than in the lying position, and when the standing position is accompanied by movement, the blood flow to the liver is 80% to 85% less than in the lying position. The decrease in liver blood flow can directly affect the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the liver. Nowadays, night life is getting richer and richer, especially in the city, at one or two o’clock in the morning, various entertainment venues are still bustling with activity; even if they do not go out to play, many people will play online and play cards at home until they forget bedtime. Sleep deprivation has become a serious health hazard “killer”. If you do not get enough sleep and do not rest when you should, this will cause a relative lack of blood flow to the liver, affecting the nutrient nourishment of liver cells and leading to a decrease in resistance. For patients with hepatitis or cirrhosis, the already damaged liver cells will be difficult to repair and may worsen. A study presented at the World Federation of Sleep Associations in 1993 showed that people who lost more than 3 hours of sleep a night had a 50% decrease in immune system function. A trial by American scientists showed that 23 healthy men who were kept awake from 3 to 7 a.m. and examined during the day found that the activity of immune cells in their bodies was reduced by 28%. When these volunteers were examined again after getting enough sleep, their immunity was completely restored. Another study also confirmed that deprivation of sleep for 56 hours in healthy individuals may cause a decrease in some immunoglobulins, complement and some T-cell subsets. Under normal conditions, the body is able to produce antibodies to various antigenic substances that invade it and remove them through an immune response to defend the body’s health. It is for this reason that the American expert on sleep William? Dement said: “Sleep is the first line of defense against disease”. Liver disease is mostly caused by immune dysfunction, and good sleep can regulate immunity, effectively resist the damage of viruses and other disease-causing factors, and speed up the recovery of liver disease. So what kind of sleep is reasonable sleep? According to the theory of Chinese medicine, 1 to 3 am is the time of liver meridian, so you must sleep to nourish your liver and detoxify it. In terms of modern theory, 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. is beauty time, if you do not sleep during this time, you will have rough skin, easy fatigue, tiredness, often feel bitter mouth and dry throat, fire, and even dark circles under the eyes, which hinders beauty. The best way to nourish the liver and protect the liver is to go to bed at 10 p.m. to ensure adequate sleep. 4, quit smoking smoking is harmful, is now well known. But there are still a large number of smokers disregard the damage to their own health and the health of others, adhere to the bad habit of smoking, the consequences can be imagined. The first harm of smoking is that the smoke produced by tobacco contains thousands of harmful substances, which are inhaled into the human body and have different degrees of damage to a variety of internal organs, including the liver, is one of the main risk factors leading to disease and cancer. As we all know, the greater the amount of nicotine (nicotine) accumulated in the body, the greater the poisonous effects on the human body. Experiments have shown that the nicotine contained in one cigarette can kill two mice; the nicotine in 40 cigarettes can become lethal to an adult of medium weight. As a detoxification organ of the liver, after hepatitis cirrhosis, its detoxification function has been reduced, and a large number of nicotine accumulation in the body and aggravated the damage to the liver, the liver to give full play to its detoxification function will seem to have a heart but not enough. The prognosis is very different between smokers and non-smokers with the same liver disease! For example, a study by British scholars showed that the incidence of liver cancer was 26% higher in hepatitis B smokers than in hepatitis B nonsmokers. Other surveys have shown that the mortality rate of smokers is 1.6 to 1.7 times higher than that of nonsmokers among those who died of liver cancer, which shows that, like other cancers, smoking has some kind of bad influence on the occurrence of liver cancer. In addition, patients often have poor microcirculation and blood stagnation in the liver. In turn, nicotine can damage the circulatory system, not only can cause blood vessels to spasm, but also can increase the viscosity of the blood, resulting in impaired microcirculation in the body. At the same time, smoking a large number of inhalation of carbon monoxide, will prevent the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen, causing the body hypoxemia. Therefore, heavy smoking in patients with liver disease can aggravate the microcirculatory disorders in the liver and make the blood and oxygen supply to the liver insufficient, further aggravating the damage to the liver and making the condition worse. It is also worth mentioning that smoking can also greatly reduce the body’s immune response, easy to catch a cold and cause a variety of diseases. For patients with hepatitis cirrhosis, it increases the chances of contracting various diseases and makes the possible recovery of the body a lost cause. At present, the insightful people loudly call for abandoning the bad habit of smoking, quit tobacco hazards. 5, give up alcohol As we all know, drinking alcohol hurts the liver. The main component of alcohol is ethanol, after drinking, alcohol is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, only 2% to 10% from the kidneys out of the body, while more than 90% of the ethanol to be metabolized in the liver, through the cytoplasmic ethanol dehydrogenase catalyzed by liver cells into acetaldehyde. Both ethanol and acetaldehyde have toxic effects that directly stimulate and damage liver cells, causing degeneration and necrosis of liver cells. Normal people drink small amounts of alcohol and acetaldehyde can be detoxified through liver metabolism, generally will not cause liver damage. However, one-time heavy drinkers often have symptoms of acute alcoholism; and in long-term alcoholics, the toxicity of ethanol and ethanol often affects the normal metabolism and detoxification of sugar, protein and fat by the liver, leading to serious liver damage, fatty liver and alcoholic liver steatosis. For patients with hepatitis, the substantial damage to the liver causes a decrease in the detoxification function of the liver, which often reduces the activity and secretion of various enzymes required for alcohol metabolism; in addition, the loss of appetite and partial diet make protein and vitamin intake insufficient; alcohol consumption also hinders the absorption of amino acids, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12, which seriously affects the detoxification ability of the liver to alcohol, prompting the prolongation of the hepatitis disease and aggravation of the disease. The liver’s ability to detoxify alcohol is seriously affected, leading to the prolonged course of hepatitis, aggravated, and even the development of cirrhosis or severe hepatitis. Clinically, it is common to see patients with early stage hepatitis being misdiagnosed as “cold” and then developing severe hepatitis after eating “fried wine eggs with noodles” or “dried cuttlefish stewed in wine”; it is also common to see patients with latent hepatitis drinking a lot of alcohol. There are also reports of acute liver failure in patients with latent hepatitis who have consumed large amounts of alcohol; there are also reports of chronic hepatitis with chronic hepatitis activity, rapid rise in transaminases and even jaundice due to continuous excessive alcohol consumption, or even large amounts of alcohol consumption at one time. Long-term alcohol consumption by hepatitis B surface antigen-positive people is likely to cause liver stiffness and promote liver stiffness loss, and even promote liver cancer and shorten life expectancy. Therefore, people infected with hepatitis B should never be allowed to drink alcohol, even if it contains alcoholic beverages; hepatitis B patients who have had drinking habits in the past should resolutely quit drinking. Otherwise, it will make the liver, which has already been attacked by the hepatitis B virus, “even worse”! Therefore, chronic liver disease patients who not only do not quit drinking but also abuse alcohol, which is undoubtedly a suicidal behavior! 6, pay attention to diet and nutrition is an important element of the basic treatment of hepatitis cirrhosis, reasonable diet and taboos is one of the important measures to promote liver disease recovery. For different periods of liver disease should pay attention to the following matters: (1) acute hepatitis patients: because of poor liver function, gastrointestinal function decline, there is often a loss of appetite, aversion to greasy food, abdominal distension, nausea and vomiting and other symptoms. Therefore, patients in the acute stage should not force a large amount of food to avoid the accumulation or corruption of food in the gastrointestinal tract due to digestive and absorption dysfunction, increasing gas and toxic substances and aggravating the burden on the liver. These patients should eat multivitamin, multi-sugar, easy to digest food, the amount of food should not be too much, the main food is mainly rice and flour, the side food is mainly vegetables, fat should be limited, protein should be moderate. Those who are seriously ill and have very poor liver function should limit the total amount of protein and eat some fruits appropriately. Because the main component of rice and flour is polysaccharide, which is easy to digest and beneficial to the liver. Vegetables and fruits contain more fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis and facilitate laxation, and can reduce abdominal distension. Fat and protein are difficult to digest, and their metabolism needs to be carried out in the liver, too much fat, the patient can not absorb (especially with cholecystitis), and can cause fatty liver. In the acute phase too much protein dosage will increase the burden on the liver, and its metabolites such as ammonia substances are damaging to the liver. In the recovery period of acute hepatitis, protein should be gradually increased, because the regeneration of liver cells requires more protein. Fat in general should be appropriately limited and used only as a flavoring agent and not as a major source of heat supply. Some patients’ families, out of concern for the patient, do not know that the patient has symptoms such as aversion to grease and loss of appetite during the acute phase of hepatitis, and let the patient eat fried food and chicken, duck, fish and meat. This will instead make the patient nausea and anorexia, affecting appetite and disease recovery. (2) Patients with chronic liver disease: In addition to vitamin supplementation, special attention should be paid to protein supplementation during the stabilization period. Because chronic liver disease patients need more protein for liver cell regeneration, and chronic liver disease patients all have different degrees of low plasma albumin. This is due to poor appetite and insufficient protein intake for a long period of time, as well as the reduced ability of the liver to synthesize albumin in patients with chronic liver disease. However, protein supplementation should not be taken in excess, otherwise the patient cannot fully digest, absorb and utilize it, which is not beneficial to recovery. It is generally recommended that 1 to 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight per day for adults is appropriate, and chicken, fish, eggs and lean meat made into soups or stews are easily digested and absorbed. Daily fat dosage of 40 to 60 grams is appropriate; in the stabilization period, it can be increased appropriately, but attention should be paid to weight, not to be obese and overweight, resulting in fatty liver. It should be used in accordance with the Chinese diet, with rice and white flour as the main food, protein and vitamin-rich vegetables as side dishes, and lipids as condiments, applied reasonably and not as the main source of heat. (3) Patients with severe hepatitis (liver failure): a large number of hepatocytes necrosis, liver function is very poor, should pay more attention to the arrangement of diet, to strictly limit the protein diet, because the intestine can not be digested normally, will produce a large number of harmful substances, especially ammonia increased, into the blood after the liver can not be converted into urea from the urine excretion, so that the blood has toxic ammonia elevated, causing ammonia poisoning liver coma. The heat of patients with severe hepatitis B is mainly through intravenous rehydration, with glucose as the main source and appropriate supplementation of amino acids that are not harmful to the liver according to the patient’s needs. (4) Patients with cirrhosis: In terms of diet and nutrition, the principle of “three high and one moderate” should be observed, i.e. high protein, high sugar, high vitamin and moderate fat. Patients with cirrhosis have varying degrees of hypoproteinemia, and adequate protein supplementation can not only increase the body’s resistance, but also protect the liver cells and enable the damaged liver cells to recover and regenerate. Generally speaking, the daily supply of 1.5 to 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight, of which 50% should come from lean meat, fish and shrimp, eggs, dairy, poultry and soy products and other foods. Patients with cirrhosis should consume a large amount of sugary foods, in addition to staple foods such as rice, flour, mixed grains and legumes, and also sugar-rich foods such as honey, sugar, glucose and fruits in appropriate amounts to meet the needs of the body. Patients with liver cirrhosis should also supply rich vitamins in their diet, especially vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin K, which are important for protecting liver cells and resisting toxin damage. Therefore, it is important to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits in the daily diet to ensure the intake of vitamins. Excessive fat intake will directly increase the burden on the liver, so patients with cirrhosis should properly control fat intake, cooking oil with vegetable oil is better, and less animal oil and fried food. The food we eat will be detoxified by the liver, metabolism for the body to apply, for liver disease patients, nutrient-rich food can help liver cell repair, but if you eat indiscriminately will increase the burden on the liver, and even aggravate the liver damage. Patients with liver disease should pay attention to the following dietary contraindications: 1, should not drink alcohol . As we all know, drinking alcohol hurts the liver, and there is no drug or food that can prevent alcohol damage to the liver, especially when drinking on an empty stomach, alcohol is quickly absorbed into the blood, which will not only cause damage to the liver, but also have adverse effects on the whole body. Especially for patients with chronic liver disease, drinking alcohol is like drinking poison. 80% of ethanol is rapidly absorbed into the blood after drinking, 90% to 95% of which is metabolized in the liver, and drinking too much alcohol can easily lead to malnutrition and lower immunity. In addition, no matter fast or slow, large or small amount of alcohol intake will increase the oxygen consumption capacity of the liver and hypoxic necrosis will occur. Therefore, the best choice for people with liver disease is not to drink alcohol, even if it is low alcohol should be prohibited. 2, should not eat too much sweet food and spicy, stimulating food. The liver has to work harder to remove these harmful substances, which can easily cause the liver to be “overworked” and also make the liver “lose its focus”, affecting the absorption of other nutrients. The liver is also “overworked”, which affects the absorption of other nutrients, resulting in loss of appetite and malnutrition. 3. It is not advisable to blindly take supplements. Patients with liver disease do not advocate taking excessive tonic drugs, but a normal diet can provide sufficient nutrition. Do not take liver-protective drugs blindly, as this will increase the burden on the liver and is not conducive to recovery. 4, should not eat food containing more fiber and easy to produce gas food. Such as celery, leeks, soybean sprouts, sweet potatoes, dried beans, soft drinks, etc. 5, with ascites, should not consume too much salt. Because salt can increase sodium and water retention, aggravating edema. 6, should not drink tea immediately after eating non-vegetarian food. Some people have eaten meat, eggs, fish and other high-protein meat, in order to go greasy and the habit of drinking tea, in fact, this practice is not scientific, tea contains a large amount of tannic acid, combined with protein will form astringent tannic acid protein, so that intestinal peristalsis slowed down, easy to cause constipation, and increase the toxic substances and carcinogens on the liver, liver disease patients will aggravate the disease, healthy people are prone to cause Fatty liver. 7, avoid greasy fried food. To eat less greasy, fried food, such food is not easy to digest, while easy to produce moisture and heat, is not conducive to the recovery of liver disease. 8, eat less synthetic convenience foods. Hepatitis, cirrhosis patients should try to avoid synthetic convenience foods, such as: instant noodles, sausages and canned food, because these foods have synthetic colors, preservatives, etc., often eat will increase the burden of liver metabolism and detoxification function. It is recommended that natural foods should be the mainstay, and at the same time, when consuming natural foods, try to wash them so that the residual pesticides on them do not aggravate the damage to the liver.