Currently, peritoneal dialysis as well as hemodialysis can be used if the kidney is failing. Both of them have their advantages and disadvantages, but due to the current level of medical care more people nowadays are more likely to use hemodialysis for kidney if they are in the end-stage uremic phase of renal failure. The widespread use of hemodialysis has greatly extended the survival period of uremic patients, however, some of the corresponding more harmful complications are more common. Hemodialysis is prone to the complication condition of increased anemia, which is caused by renal failure and cannot be satisfactorily corrected by blood ventilation. It still has a core problem of erythropoietin deficiency. Dialysis osteopathy is also formed during hemodialysis that can be perpetuated or even exacerbated by the appearance of dialysis-related amyloidosis and carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms. Even dialysis osteochondrosis can occur and cause spontaneous fractures. Dialysis can have associated central nervous system complications called dialysis dementia or dialysis-related stroke symptoms. Dialysis may lead to protein-energy malnutrition. Dialysis may result in infections or immune system dysfunction, or even sepsis. The potential hazards of hemodialysis should not be underestimated. In the process of applying hemodialysis, it is important to follow a reasonable and standardized procedure as well as a thorough understanding of the systemic condition of the patient with kidney disease.