The management of the patient after ECMO treatment is also very important and plays a key role in the outcome of the procedure. Certain laboratory tests should be performed routinely, and catheterization and ultrasound data are essential to reflect the patient’s condition in a timely and accurate manner and to develop a treatment plan. Possible complications after artificial heart surgery include: right heart failure, arrhythmia, hypotension, infection, bleeding, hemolysis and neurological disorders, etc. They are summarized as follows: (1) Right heart failure before ECMO implantation, generally left heart failure is the focus of treatment. After the installation of ECMO, the left heart function is restored and the maintenance of right heart function is often neglected. Right heart failure can occur very quickly and is difficult to correct once it has developed severely. It is very important to strictly control the amount of fluid input to avoid right heart failure caused by right heart overload. In addition, the application of certain blood products and fisetin can cause a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, which can lead to right heart dysfunction. Close postoperative observation of the changes in central venous pressure, maintenance and improvement of right heart function, and prevention of right heart failure are crucial to the success of artificial heart assist. (2) Arrhythmia Patients with atrial or ventricular arrhythmias before artificial heart surgery can generally have their arrhythmias corrected or improved after ECMO assistance due to decompression of the atria and ventricles. If the patient still has a heart rate disturbance, it should be corrected quickly and aggressively. If necessary, defibrillation therapy may be tried. (3) Bleeding Bleeding is the most common complication of artificial heart surgery. Large surgical wounds can lead to depletion of clotting factors and platelets, resulting in coagulation disorders. (4) Hypotension Blood pressure instability is a frequent occurrence and is mainly caused by: treatment with vasodilatory drugs; reduced vascular resistance of the body circulation due to extracorporeal circulation surgery; and insufficient effective circulating blood volume. After the cause of hypotension is found, it should be corrected in time to maintain the systolic blood pressure at 70-100 mmHg. (5) Bleeding Anticoagulation after artificial heart surgery is a very important aspect, which directly affects the service life of the artificial heart pump. Centrifugal ECMO blood pump has obvious advantages in this regard, which can be assisted by a flow rate of 2L without anticoagulation. Even if a thrombus is formed, it will gather in the center of the pump because of the principle of centrifugation, and will not be easily dislodged into the body. (6) Hemolysis Monitoring certain important laboratory indicators is very critical. For example, plasma free hemoglobin and urine microscopy, these tests can reflect the trend of hemolysis more accurately, and are very useful for monitoring the patient’s hemolysis status.