Primary bronchial lung cancer (lung cancer for short) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and the incidence rate has been increasing significantly in many countries. In some developed countries in Europe and America, the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer has become the first among all kinds of cancers. In China, lung cancer occupies the first place of common malignant tumors in men and the second place in women. Early diagnosis is the key to improve the treatment effect of lung cancer. The development of imaging and sputum exfoliative cytology has made the early diagnosis of lung cancer possible. At present, the overall cure rate of lung cancer is about 10%, which is mainly due to the complex biological characteristics and high malignancy of lung cancer, and 70% to 80% of lung cancer patients are already in advanced stage when diagnosed. The causes of lung cancer are currently considered to be smoking, ionizing radiation, atmospheric pollution, arsenic and other occupational factors, chronic lung diseases and other factors, which are also closely related to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the loss of oncogenes. Clinically, lung cancer is generally classified briefly into non-small cell lung cancer (including types such as squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma and fine bronchoalveolar carcinoma) and small cell lung cancer. Lung cancer can be disseminated through four routes: direct spread, lymphatic metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, and implantation metastasis. In the treatment of small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be given first in the limited stage, and surgery (adjuvant surgery) can be performed selectively for those with good results, followed by medical treatment; chemotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine should be given first in the extensive stage, and radiotherapy can be added selectively for those who respond to chemotherapy. In the early stage of non-small cell lung cancer, surgery is the main treatment, together with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, TCM and immunotherapy; in the middle and late stage, chemotherapy, TCM and immunotherapy are the main comprehensive treatments. Middle and late stage primary lung cancer is very difficult to treat, with poor prognosis and short survival period, and there is no better treatment method at home and abroad. With the deepening of the understanding of Chinese medicine on lung cancer and the continuous improvement of clinical efficacy, Chinese medicine therapy has become one of the main methods for the treatment of middle and late stage lung cancer. At present, Chinese medicine treatment for lung cancer mainly includes simple Chinese medicine treatment, Chinese medicine combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, interventional therapy and intra-tumor injection chemotherapy, etc. Among them, Chinese medicine treatment includes identification and prescription, agreement prescription, basic formula plus or minus and proprietary Chinese medicine, etc. Combined with various therapies of Western medicine, they form various forms of Chinese and Western medicine treatment for lung cancer. According to TCM, the occurrence and development of lung cancer is related to the deficiency of positive qi and the prevalence of evil qi, and the deficiency of positive qi is based on the deficiency of qi, blood, yin and yang, while the prevalence of evil is based on heat toxicity, phlegm coagulation, qi stagnation and blood stasis, therefore, TCM is clinically divided into yin deficiency, internal heat, qi-yin deficiency, qi deficiency, phlegm-dampness and yin-yang deficiency. The treatment is based on the principles and methods of beneficial temperature and yang, nourishing yin and promoting body fluid, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins, softening phlegm and removing stasis. Chinese medicine has achieved positive efficacy in relieving symptoms, improving survival quality, increasing body resistance, prolonging survival, improving body immunity, stabilizing lesions, and reducing toxicity and increasing effectiveness of Chinese medicine on radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and has potential advantages in anti-recurrence and metastasis.