Criteria of short stature
1.Height is less than 2 standard deviations of the average height of the same race, age and sex.
2.The annual growth rate is less than 4cm.
3.Table of height and weight standard deviation unit values for children and adolescents aged 0-18 years (boys and girls)
Causes of short stature
1.Endocrine dwarfism: These diseases are mainly caused by abnormal secretion of endocrine hormones, including low secretion of pituitary growth hormone, hypothyroidism, precocious puberty, and excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, etc.
2. Bone disease dwarfism: Bone dysplasia causes dwarfism, including cartilage dystrophy and cartilage formation insufficiency, etc.
3.Nutritional and metabolic disorders dwarfism: Individuals suffering from chronic diseases, nutritional disorders, urolithiasis, diabetes, etc.
4. Psychosocial dwarfism: also known as emotional masking dwarfism. Medical doctors have recently pointed out that psychiatric disorders can affect height.
5.Short with chromosomal abnormalities: Short with chromosomal abnormalities can often manifest as short, such as congenital stupidity syndrome, congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome, etc.
Types of physical dwarfism
1.Physical retardation type
This type of short stature is characterized by the lack of growth and the absence of obvious youthful outbursts. Most of them are caused by lack of nutrition of bones.
2.Advanced skeletal growth type
The epiphysis is not closed, but the bone age is older than the actual age, and the years of growing taller are shortened.
3.Stop growing after development type
After the burst of puberty, the height is within 2CM growth per year, mostly caused by the slowing down of bone cell metabolism.
4.Overnutrition type
Both short and fat body type, usually by excessive protein intake, the body 3 major nutrients chaos, resulting in bone growth disorders.
5. Genetic type
Parents are short and heredity determines the height.
Hazards and treatment
Hazards
1. Low self-esteem, which affects children’s healthy physical and mental growth and their intellectual development.
2. Lack of courage to communicate with others or to actively participate in social activities, reducing the chances of success in career.
3.The scope of future employment is limited.
Treatment of short stature
There are many hormones in the human body, and their secretion sites are different, and their physiological effects are also different. Adrenocorticotropic hormone, which is secreted by the adrenal cortex, can cause some adverse effects on the human body. Growth hormone, on the other hand, is secreted by the pituitary gland and is the only hormone in the human body that causes linear bone growth,
It is the only hormone in the human body that causes linear growth of bones, and it is a non-heterosexual protein. Some children may not have enough growth hormone or it may not be active (GH activity is not detectable at this stage of medicine). Therefore, replacement therapy is needed. Genetically recombinant growth hormone is identical in structure to the GH protein naturally secreted by the body and is 100% biologically active. Since it is not an allogeneic protein, it is safer to apply. Growth hormone can accelerate the growth rate, increase lifetime height, and improve bone metabolism; and height promotion therapy should be started early. The lifetime height increment of patients correlates with the time and duration of GH application initiation and is dose dependent, while the optimal age of treatment is 3-12 years.