Indications for surgery for depressed fracture: If the fracture fragment is deeper than 1 cm into the cranial cavity and there is no compression or irritation, the fracture fragment should be repositioned or removed at an early stage to avoid possible infection; if there are compression or irritation symptoms such as epilepsy, surgery should be performed as soon as possible. Indications for intracranial hematoma surgery: critically ill patients with brain herniation; supratentorial hematoma greater than 30 ml, subatentorial hematoma greater than 10 ml with displacement of midline structures (brainstem hemorrhage greater than 5 ml); progressive progression of the disease after medical treatment; hematoma breaking into the ventricles or at risk of breaking into the ventricles (central hyperthermia, meningeal irritation, obstructive hydrocephalus and other complications may occur due to intracerebroventricular blood); Indications for surgery of intracranial hematoma: gradual deepening of the degree of consciousness impairment; monitoring of intracranial pressure above 270 H2O, with progressive elevation; no obvious symptoms of consciousness impairment or intracranial pressure increase, but large hematoma on CT examination (>40 ml for supratentorial and >10 ml for infratentorial), or a small hematoma but significant displacement of the midline structures (displacement >1 cm) and significant pressure on the ventricles or brain pools In cases where the hematoma is small but with significant displacement of midline structures (displacement greater than 1 cm) and significant compression of the ventricles or brain pools; in cases where the condition worsens during non-surgical treatment; and in cases where there are signs of focal brain damage. The indication for surgery should be relaxed for temporal lobe hematoma because it is prone to herniation of the cerebellar curtain; the indication for surgery should also be relaxed for epidural hematoma because it is not easily absorbed.