Lumbar disc herniation can cause pain in the lumbar region, sciatic nerve, and lower extremities. Lumbar disc herniation is a common spinal surgical disease related to injury accumulation, pregnancy, heredity, congenital developmental genetics, etc. It can be induced by prolonged ambulatory work, exertion, heavy physical labor, and acute trauma. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation occurs at the age of 20 to 50, and is more common in men. With age, the intervertebral disc gradually degenerates, the water content of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus gradually decreases, the nucleus pulposus loses its elasticity, and the annulus fibrosus gradually appears to be cracked. On the basis of degeneration, accumulation of strain and external force, the intervertebral disc ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and even cartilage plate protrude backward, irritating and compressing the surrounding tissues. When compressing the nerve root, it can produce low back pain, lower limb pain, weakness and numbness; when compressing the cauda equina nerve, it can cause sensory abnormality in the saddle area and urinary and defecation disorders; and when compressing the spine, it can cause spinal pain and scoliosis deformity. Patients with lumbar disc herniation are recommended to seek timely medical attention for a clear diagnosis and targeted treatment.