Chronic kidney disease has become a major public health threat worldwide, an objective fact that has been recognized by public health experts and medical specialists only in the last decade or so. In developed countries (such as the United States and the Netherlands), about 6.5% to 10% of the general population suffers from kidney disease of varying degrees, of which the number of patients with kidney disease in the United States has exceeded 20 million; hospitals admit up to more than 1 million patients with kidney disease each year, and the number of people who have not sought medical attention for kidney disease is much larger than the number of patients admitted. There is no detailed epidemiological survey data on chronic kidney disease in China, and preliminary results show that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China is about 10% to 12%, which is alarming. As chronic kidney disease continues to progress, the risk of end-stage renal disease and cardiovascular disease increases greatly. Recent clinical studies have found that adverse cardiovascular events and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are 20 times higher in patients with uremia than in the general population. According to the National Kidney Foundation Task Force, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in all stages of kidney disease; cardiovascular disease mortality is more than 15 times higher than in the general population (35 times higher in uremic patients!). . Early detection of any form of kidney damage as a risk marker for associated chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes and cardiovascular disease) is now an urgent issue to be addressed. Early detection can be accomplished through systematic testing of serum creatinine or urine albumin – especially in people at high risk of developing the disease, such as those over 50 years of age, or who are obese, or who smoke, or who have diabetes (or a family history of diabetes), or who have high blood pressure. Early prevention can prevent the development of chronic kidney disease by timely and effective treatment or control of disorders (such as diabetes, hypertension, etc.) and risk factors (such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, etc.) that may cause chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we are urged to maintain a healthy lifestyle and to carry out relevant treatment if risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperuric acid are present, and to pay attention to urinalysis, renal function and ultrasound of both kidneys to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.