At present, lumbar disc herniation has become a common disease among the elderly in modern society, classified as follows: 1, lumbar disc bulge: the protrusion often has a thin outer fibrous ring wrapped, the posterior longitudinal ligament is usually not broken, the maximum distance into the spinal canal does not exceed 3mm. 2, lumbar disc herniation: the height of the protrusion exceeds 3mm, from the fibrous rupture into the spinal canal, some surface covered with posterior longitudinal ligament, surgery The herniated nucleus pulposus is often extruded from the incision automatically when the perineurium of the posterior longitudinal ligament is incised, and the herniated nucleus pulposus can be removed from around the nerve without incising the perineurium during surgery. 3, lumbar disc prolapse: the herniated material penetrates the outer layer of the fibrous ring and breaks away from the disc itself, and can be free on the posterior side of the previous vertebral body or the next vertebral body, or can break through the posterior longitudinal ligament and break free around the nerve root or the anterior side of the dural shell, and occasionally can break into the dura and compress the spinal cord. The free protrusion may become fibrotic or calcified nucleus pulposus tissue or disc fragments. The shape can be large or small, as small as a grain of rice or as large as 20 mm. The main causes: are degenerative degeneration of the lumbar disc and trauma. The herniation of the nucleus pulposus occurs mostly on the basis of degenerative disc degeneration and a variety of causative factors that increase the pressure of the intervertebral disc. Triggering factors: 1, factors that increase abdominal pressure, such as violent cough, breath-holding constipation, etc., so that the abdominal pressure increases, disrupting the equilibrium between the intervertebral joints and the spinal canal. 2, improper posture of the lumbar region, lifting heavy objects on a semi-flexed basis, sudden rotation generates pressure, shear force and forces the nucleus pulposus to prolapse. 3.Multiple factors cause spasm of the lumbar back muscles, which increases the pressure on the intervertebral disc, causing rupture of the fibrous ring and prolapse of the nucleus pulposus. 4, excessive load, such as weight-lifting athletes, porters, pit bending operations, etc. 5, long-term vibration overstrain, such as car and tractor drivers in a sitting position and bumpy state for a long time, lumbar disc pressure, long-term strain, aggravating the degeneration and prolapse of the intervertebral disc. 6, spinal deformity and physiological curvature change, on the basis of which is prone to intervertebral disc degeneration, mainly so that the pressure on the fiber ring is not balanced. 7, acute injuries, such as sprains, contusions and other acute injuries, generally do not cause lumbar disc protrusion, but the injury of the lumbar back muscle group lost the protection of the disc is prone to disc prolapse, so the lumbar injury, just the cause of disc prolapse.