Abnormal increase in pelvic adipose tissue is a very rare urological disease. It was first discovered by Engeled in 1959 and officially named as pelvic adiposis by Fogg in 1968. The cause of pelvic adiposis is currently unknown. Sun Fa, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University [Diagnostic criteria] 1. pelvic adiposity mostly occurs in men, with a predilection for age 30-50. 2. difficulty in urination is one of the main manifestations of pelvic adiposity. In combination with cystitis, urinary frequency, urinary urgency and hematuria may occur. If the pelvic adipose tissue compresses the ureter, it will affect the kidney function. The patient’s body is usually obese, and occasionally a swollen swelling can be palpated in the lower abdomen during examination. The cystogram shows an elevated, elongated, inverted pear-shaped bladder in the orthopantomogram and an anteriorly displaced bladder in the lateral view. Intravenous pyelogram shows a median displacement of the ureter. In severe lesions, ureteral dilatation and hydronephrosis are seen. Lower gastrointestinal tract imaging shows compression and elongation of the rectum and distal sigmoid colon. The common triad of pelvic adiposity x-ray is: bladder deformation, sigmoid colon compression and elongation, and ureteral displacement to the middle. 5. CT and ultrasound: CT examination is very helpful in diagnosing this disease. The typical CT shows a homogeneous fatty density in the pelvic area (negative CT values). ultrasound shows bladder deformation and echogenic enhancement in the pelvic area. 6. cystoscopy: this disease is difficult to insert into the bladder due to the prolongation of the posterior urethra and elevation of the bladder neck, and often requires insertion under direct vision. The patient often has a combination of adenocystitis. 7. Differential diagnosis: This disease sometimes needs to be differentiated from prostate disease and pelvic tumors. The key is the need for awareness and understanding of the disease. When a definitive diagnosis is needed, most of them should be able to be clearly diagnosed as long as the disease is thought of. [Treatment] There is no specific treatment for pelvic adiposity. Clinical treatment with antibiotics, hormones, etc. is not effective. It is very difficult to achieve complete removal of pelvic fat by surgery because of the unclear boundaries of adipose tissue and the rich vascularity of this disease. Surgical treatment should be aimed at relieving urinary tract obstruction and improving renal function as the main objective. Surgical methods such as ureteral release, nephrostomy, placement of double J-tube, etc. should be adopted according to the specific situation of the patient.