OVERVIEW
Overview of Cerebral Palsy
Mixed cerebral palsy is cerebral palsy in which the symptoms of two or more types of cerebral palsy are mixed in a single person. Common types of mixed cerebral palsy include a mixture of ataxia and spasticity or a mixture of ataxia and ataxia.
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Department
Neurology, Pediatrics
Clinical symptoms
Foot inversion, involuntary movements, intoxicated gait, speech disorders, sensory deficits, etc.
Hazards
Inability to perform correct movements independently when symptoms are severe.
Examination
Physical examination, CT, MRI, EEG, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on the basis of medical history, movement disorder, speech disorder and imaging examination.
Treatment principle
Comprehensive rehabilitation, correction of limb dysfunction, and appropriate symptomatic treatment.
Curability
It is difficult to cure children with speech and intellectual disorders. Active treatment can alleviate the symptoms.
Dietary advice
Parents should provide a balanced diet for their children.
Etiology
Epidemiology
Most common in children.
Etiology
Mostly related to genetic or congenital factors.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
A mixture of two or more of the following types of cerebral palsy.
1. The spastic type is characterized by hyperreflexia, crossed legs, flexion contracture of the knee joint, and inversion of the foot.
2. The main feature of the tardive dyskinesia type is involuntary movements of the limbs that are difficult to control by will. Including facial muscles, voice, sound organs are also involved, so it is often accompanied by speech disorders.
3. Ataxia type is characterized by low muscle tone and inaccurate regulation of muscle contraction, showing a drunken gait. Tremor in the hands and head, nystagmus is more common. There is a lack of intonation in speech, and there are abnormalities in touch and deep sensation.
4. Children with hypotonia have a significant decrease in muscle tone, a state of delayed paralysis, and very few voluntary movements.
Diagnostic basis
1. The child has a history of brain injury.
2. Symptoms of typical motor disorders, speech disorders, sensory disorders and other abnormalities.
3. Imaging examinations such as cranial CT or MRI may show cerebral hypoplasia, cerebral developmental malformations, cerebral softening foci, basal ganglia lesions or normal; most patients have abnormalities in electroencephalogram.
Treatment
Treatment policy
Comprehensive rehabilitation is the mainstay, with appropriate symptomatic treatment.
Drug therapy
There is no specific drug for cerebral palsy. According to the symptoms, cerebral nerve nutrients, muscle relaxing drugs and blood activating drugs can be chosen for treatment.
Other treatments
1. Psychotherapy
In order to deal with psychological disorders, in comprehensive treatment, we should respect the children, listen carefully and understand, comfort and encourage the children, stimulate the children’s active participation, improve the children’s psychological state of health education, actively communicate with the children, gradually overcome the children’s paranoia and dependence, build up the confidence of independence, self-confidence, strength and upward mobility, and cultivate the children’s self-care ability, so as to enable them to adapt to the society.
2. Physical therapy
Such as electroacupuncture, muscle excitation therapeutic instrument, hydrotherapy, hot and cold compresses, etc. The main purpose is to regulate the function and relieve the stubbornness. The main purpose is to regulate the function, relieve the contraction, stimulate the low muscle tone, promote the circulation, maintain and expand the mobility of joints, increase the muscle strength, so as to improve the balance and gait.
3. Use of orthopedic appliances
In the training of children with cerebral palsy, the application of braces is very important, such as foot and ankle orthopedic braces can be used.
4. Exercise therapy
According to the different clinical types of consolidated cerebral palsy, targeted training including gross motor, fine motor, balance and coordination training will be carried out.
Prognosis
Early and rational intervention and active treatment can improve the prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
Open windows regularly to keep the indoor air fresh and the temperature and humidity appropriate.
Reasonable arrangement of work and rest time, guide children to carry out appropriate functional exercise, maintain a certain amount of exercise, promote metabolism, reduce adverse stimuli, ensure that children are happy and sleep well.
Prevent infection, pay attention to climate change, increase or decrease clothing and blankets in time to avoid cold; avoid going to crowded public places.
4. Parents should do a good job of growth and development monitoring, and conduct regular health checkups and assessments for the children.
Dietary management
Parents should provide balanced diet for the children.