The 4-year-old Liangliang has been the hospital pediatrics “old patients”, a little attention to her fever and cold, tonsil inflammation and swelling, sore throat, not dare to swallow things, and sometimes a high fever. And each time to injections, medication for a week to get better. In the past six months, almost every month to the hospital “report”, which not only brings physical pain to the child, but also to the parents to bring a great spiritual burden. Sometimes I really want to put that always out of trouble tonsils “all over it”. However, some doctors say that the tonsils are a member of the immune system and should be preserved as much as possible. The mom can’t decide whether it is right or wrong. The physiological function of the tonsils The tonsils, also known as the tonsil glands, are located on both sides of the mouth and pharynx, in the triangular space between the palato-lingual arch and the palato-pharyngeal arch, and they are the largest lymphatic tissues in the pharynx. The size of children’s tonsils varies from person to person and is generally within the normal range. In the past, the medical profession considered the tonsils to be a superfluous and useless tissue, harmful and unhelpful, so doctors often mobilized sick children to remove them in order to remove the foci of disease-inducing infections. In fact, the tonsils are part of the lymphoid tissue of the body’s immune system. In recent years, immunological research has confirmed that the tonsils are an important immune organ, when stimulated by external inflammatory substances, the tonsils produce immunoglobulin immunity, involved in cellular immunity and humoral immunity, can inhibit bacterial viruses in the inhalation tract mucosa adhesion, growth and diffusion, with the defense and resistance to external germs invade the body’s immune function, known as the human body’s “health guards”. This function is more obvious in childhood. This function is more obvious in childhood, therefore, moderate hypertrophy of tonsils is not always pathological, but a normal compensatory function of children and resistance to disease physiological phenomenon. After 14 to 15 years of age, children develop to puberty, with the gradual improvement of the immune system, tonsils atrophy, completed their historical mission. Second, the harm of tonsillitis Under normal circumstances, the tonsils of lymphocytes and antibodies can eliminate or control the germs, to maintain the health of the body. However, the strength of any defense is limited, when the body’s resistance drops, such as in the cold or humid environment, physical fatigue, malnutrition, lack of exercise and so on the tonsil’s ability to defend will be weakened; or when the germs repeatedly attack, especially when the germs are large in number and virulent, the tonsils will be outnumbered by germs to break through and occupy the tonsils, inflammation, redness, swelling, pain, pus. In mild cases, low fever, cough, throat discomfort; in severe cases, high fever does not go down, shortness of breath, and even high fever convulsions. If the treatment is not timely, the body’s resistance is not enough to overcome the pathogen, the inflammation can spread to the surrounding tissues, and can be spread through the blood to other organs so that inflammation occurs, but also cause the baby’s systemic pathological reactions, such as secondary rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic heart disease, acute nephritis and no significant cause of low-grade fever. Of course, complications like peritonsillar abscesses, acute otitis media, paranasal sinusitis, etc. occur from time to time. At this time, the tonsils have become the baby sick “culprit”. Third, whether the tonsils should be early “lay off” Since the pediatric tonsils often “trouble”, some people think that it will be removed a hundred. In fact, this idea is not correct. We have already mentioned the immune defense function of the tonsils, even if the tonsils are enlarged, its function still exists, still plays a defensive role. Tonsils are an immune organ of the human body, is the first defense portal of the upper respiratory tract infection, can resist invasion of the body of various pathogenic microorganisms, play a certain role in the fight against disease. Especially before the child is 4 years old, the role is particularly important. Tonsils are the body’s natural barrier, like a faithful gatekeeper, guarding the throat. Tonsils can not only produce lymphocytes, but also participate in the production of antibodies to resist and eliminate pathogenic bacteria and viruses from the mouth and nose to prevent disease. If the tonsils are inflamed and removed, it is the same as removing the guards, germs attack, long drive, very easy to cause bronchitis, pneumonia and other diseases of the upper airways. Clinical can see the previous tonsillectomy children, tonsil nest residual tonsils will be inflamed, some triggered chronic pharyngitis, emphysema. Therefore, children before the age of 4, in general, it is best not to let the tonsils in advance, “off”. Fourth, the prevention and treatment of tonsil diseases 1, the prevention of tonsil diseases Whether it is tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy, as long as some measures are taken, can be avoided or reduced. (1) adhere to breastfeeding. The immune factor in breast milk plays an important role in improving the immunity of babies. (2) Reasonably add complementary foods. At about 4 to 6 months old, you can gradually add rice burnt, egg yolk, thin porridge, etc. to your baby. (3) Clothing to adapt to temperature changes. The baby is afraid of heat, clothing can not be too much, not only seasonal exchange to increase or decrease in time, morning and evening, indoor and outdoor, before and after the activity, according to the baby’s specific situation for adjustment. (4) active exercise. 1 year old baby, can be brought by parents to carry out the necessary passive exercise, such as arm exercise, turn over and crawl exercise. 2, the treatment of tonsil disease tonsillitis acute stage, must adhere to the main anti-infection treatment, supportive treatment as a supplement to the principle of treatment. (1) Drug therapy: anti-infective treatment mainly focuses on the selection of effective antimicrobial agents for the pathogenic bacteria. Penicillin is effective against the more common streptococcal infections and can be the drug of choice. However, in recent years, many bacteria have mutated to produce drug-resistant bacteria, ordinary penicillin may be ineffective, and then it is necessary to use more potent antimicrobial agents to control inflammation. Very severe infections sometimes require hospitalization. Antimicrobial therapy usually takes about 7 days. (2) Supportive treatment: Encourage your baby to drink small amounts of water, eat a light diet rich in vitamins, and eat more seasonal fruits such as watermelon and duck pear. For babies with poor appetite, little food and high fever, dehydration should be prevented, and fluids can be given as appropriate, supplemented with vitamin C. When the body temperature exceeds 39 ℃, appropriate amount of antipyretic drugs should be given to the baby. (3) Surgery: Indications: Anyone with one of the following conditions should consider tonsil removal surgery: a. When the tonsils are extremely enlarged, which affects the nose ventilation, pronunciation, whistling and swallowing; b. Repeated acute episodes of chronic tonsillitis, with 6-7 episodes per year, which obviously affects the baby’s physical development or daily life; c. Existing complications such as nephritis, rheumatism and arthritis, and even if the number of episodes is not high, in order to remove the Surgery is necessary to remove the lesions; d. Keratosis tonsillaris or when there are tumors, stones, polypoid growths, cysts and other benign swellings on the tonsils; e. Peritonsillar abscesses should be surgically removed even if they occur only once. Contraindications: Anyone with one of the following conditions should not be considered for tonsil removal surgery: a. Acute tonsillitis attack, generally do not perform surgery, need to be 3 to 4 weeks after the inflammation subsides before surgery. Because at this time the child fever, tonsil congestion, the wound after surgery is easy to bleed or secondary infection; b. Suffering from hematopoietic and coagulation system diseases, such as hemophilia, aplastic anemia, leukemia, purpura, etc., should not be operated. Because after tonsil surgery, the organism needs to rely on the blood vessels in the tonsil fossa to contract on their own, and the blood coagulates to stop bleeding. c. Surgery is not recommended when the disease is in the active stage of nephritis, hepatitis, rheumatism, tuberculosis and so on. Surgery at this time will aggravate the condition or even cause serious complications. Tips Tonsillectomy Ordinary tonsillectomy is performed under local anesthesia. Tonsillectomy is performed under local anesthesia. The tonsils are surrounded by a membrane, and the surgeon uses special instruments to separate the tonsils from their surrounding membrane. 3, acute tonsillitis home care (1) onset should be bed rest, drink more water to exclude bacterial infection in the body after the toxins. (2) Saline gargle several times a day to keep the mouth clean and odorless. (3) In the application of antibiotic therapy, should closely observe the patient’s temperature, pulse changes, such as still persistent high fever, can increase the dose, or under the guidance of the doctor to change the drug. (4) When the child’s body temperature is too high, physical cooling should be used to cool the head and neck with cool or ice packs, also can be used to wine or low concentration of alcohol wipe head and neck, armpits, limbs, to help dissipate the heat, to prevent the child from having convulsions. (5) Acute tonsillitis is not a purely localized disease, when the bacteria or viral toxins enter the blood circulation, it can cause serious complications. Such as rheumatic fever, myocarditis, nephritis, arthritis and so on. Neighboring organs can also complicate cervical lymphadenitis, otitis media, etc. Therefore, we must pay attention to this disease, closely observe the development of the patient’s disease, and give timely treatment, so as not to make complications occur. (6) In order to prevent the recurrence of the disease, attention should be paid to physical exercise; enhance physical fitness and strengthen the ability to resist disease.