Many surgeries for small children require general anesthesia. This makes many mothers and fathers are puzzled: why some obviously small local surgery, but to “general anesthesia” so much trouble? In fact, this is because small children and adults are different. Adults for surgery can understand, although inevitably nervous, but can control themselves, but also to give the maximum cooperation. However, children are different, especially small children often have a strong sense of fear of surgery. children under the age of 3 years are more difficult to cooperate with the operation and anesthesia, which in turn will bring more risks, affect the results of the operation and aesthetics. On the contrary, general anesthesia allows the pediatric patient to have no pain and no memory of the procedure. Not only does it allow the surgery to go smoothly, but it also protects the child physically and mentally. Many parents are afraid of general anesthesia, mainly because they are worried about whether general anesthesia will have an effect on the child’s brain, whether it affects intelligence, memory and so on, in fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary. At present, there is no institution in the world as well as information to show that the child will become stupid under regular anesthesia operation. The anesthesiologist will start the surgery by adjusting the medication to make the child quickly enter a “painless deep sleep”, but at the same time to ensure that the child has no pain during the surgery, breathing steadily, blood pressure is stable, and the muscles are relaxed. The anesthesiologist will observe the child’s breathing, heartbeat and blood pressure throughout the surgery. At the end of the surgery, the child is slowly awakened from his/her “deep sleep”. Since the development of the child’s organs is still not perfect, the body’s compensatory function is poorer than that of adults, so pediatric anesthesia is indeed more risky than adult anesthesia. However, professional pediatric anesthesiologists will carefully select the indications and master the drug dosage, and will carefully observe the vital signs of the child during the operation. With professional pediatric anesthesiologists “escorting”, pediatric general anesthesia is still very safe, and will not affect intelligence or other long-term prognosis. In addition, mothers and fathers should also know some of the precautions before and after pediatric anesthesia, so that they can better cooperate with the doctor’s treatment, so that the baby is safer and more comfortable through this extraordinary period. Pediatric anesthesia preoperative precautions: 1, fasting and drinking time: each child is a parent’s “baby”, many parents are distressed children, will secretly give the child some water, eat something. But this is actually very dangerous. Under anesthesia, if the child’s stomach has food, it will return from the stomach to the mouth, and then choked to the trachea, leading to respiratory blockage, resulting in oxygen deprivation. In fact, every child will be hooked up to glucose before surgery. Glucose is energy, and although there will be hunger in the stomach, the child will not be weakened by fasting and abstaining from food and drink. Therefore, for the safety of your child, please observe the fasting and drinking time. Generally speaking, newborns fast for 2-4h before surgery; 1-6 months babies fast for 4h, 6-36 months babies fast for 6h; >36 months babies fast for 6-8h. 2. Prevent colds and flu: If your child has a cold, fever (temperature >38 degrees), runny nose, or chest X-ray showing pneumonia before surgery, be sure to tell your anesthesiologist that the surgery may have to be postponed. Because these conditions will increase airway reactivity, greatly increase the risk of anesthesia, and easy to respiratory distress during surgery. 3.Pre-anesthesia visit: Please pay attention to the anesthesiologist’s pre-surgery visit and tell the anesthesiologist about your child’s past medical history, including the history of allergy, asthma, family history, trauma, hepatitis, medication history and so on. The anesthesiologist can only assess the safety of anesthesia with a clear understanding of your child’s past medical history and physical condition, combined with physical examination, and plan the most suitable personalized anesthesia method and anesthesia medication for your child to reduce the chance of accidents. (1) Before entering the operating room, please change your child’s surgical gown. If there is no suitable one, please bring your own clean cotton clothes and pants, and the top should preferably be a cardigan, so that it is easy to put on and take off for your child. (2) Please remove all accessory items carried by your baby, such as bracelets, jade pendants and so on. If there are any braces for straight teeth, metal teeth, please contact your bedside doctor for proper solution. (3) Please tie the girl’s long hair into two pigtails on both sides. A ponytail in the center will be uncomfortable for your child to lie flat during surgery. Do not wear hairpins in your hair. Girls do not wear nail polish, it will interfere with vital sign monitoring. (4) If your child is in the period of tooth replacement or loose teeth, please inform the anesthesiologist in advance, as the loose teeth will be removed for your child during the operation, so that they will not fall into the esophagus or trachea during the operation. (5) Before the operation, please make sure that your child has been injected with the “preoperative injection”, the purpose of which is to keep your child calm and minimize the fear of going into the operating room; and to reduce the secretions from the mouth and the respiratory tract, so as to keep your child’s breathing unimpeded. The reddening of the face after the injection is a normal reaction to the “pre-operative injection”, so please do not be alarmed. (6) Please keep your child’s wrist or ankle “wristband identification” consistent with your child’s name and do not lose it. Precautions after pediatric anesthesia: 1, postoperative position: after surgery, the baby try to lie down, do not pad pillows. Tilt the head back a little, so as to keep the airway the most open. 2, postoperative breathing: pay attention to the baby’s lip color, if red, please do not worry, the baby is breathing well. If there is a sudden bruising of the lips, please call your healthcare provider immediately. It is possible that phlegm or other blockage of the airway, pediatric vital signs change quickly, please pay attention to observation. 3, postoperative eating time: baby can drink moderate amount of water after 2~4 hours after surgery, no vomiting and choking before eating anything else. Eating 6 hours after surgery. Try to eat fluids within 6 hours after surgery to prevent vomiting. If the lips are dry, you can ask the nurse to point out the cotton swab moisturizing dipped in water to moisturize the lips. 4, postoperative vomiting: If your baby vomits after surgery, immediately turn your baby’s head to the side, so that he can vomit, and help him clean up the vomit in his mouth to prevent accidental choking into the windpipe. 5, postoperative irritability: some babies will be a little irritable after surgery, please be careful not to let him scratch the wound, and to prevent falling out of bed. Irritability is a normal postoperative reaction and will return to normal within 24 hours, please do not worry. 6, postoperative pain: because after the disappearance of anesthesia, there will be different degrees of pain in the wound, for the lesser degree of pain, parents can use to adjust the comfortable position, caress the baby, distraction methods to effectively relieve. For some of the more traumatic surgeries, it is recommended to use analgesic pumps, which can be used to relieve pain for 48 hours while keeping the child awake.