It is simply epilepsy that is treated with regular medication and still cannot control its seizures through multiple efforts. At present, the prevalence of epilepsy in China is 7‰, and about 70% of epileptic patients can be cured by taking medication, while 30% of intractable epilepsy (i.e. refractory epilepsy) cannot be prevented from having seizures despite long-term use of antiepileptic drugs, and these patients and their families live in pain all year round. 1. Symptomatic epilepsy caused by specific etiologies, such as developmental abnormalities, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, various metabolic diseases, hypoxia, infection, and parasites. This is because of the persistence of abnormal intracranial lesions, resulting in abnormal discharges of epileptic foci that cannot be eliminated with drugs and become refractory due to the inability of drugs to control epilepsy. 2, refractory epilepsy syndromes, such as infantile spasms, medial temporal lobe epilepsy syndrome, etc., which have considerable relationship with the patient’s genetics and metabolism. Or severe epilepsy leads to abnormalities in certain intracranial structures such as hippocampus and amygdala and leads to intractable epilepsy. This is because of improper medical treatment or human factors, there are three main aspects, one is the poor guidance of physicians, mistakes or patients are not able to actively cooperate, resulting in some patients taking drugs when they have seizures, stopping drugs when they do not have seizures, eating and stopping, irregular and systematic treatment, so that the drugs that were effective also become ineffective, and finally cause intractable epilepsy; second, taking drugs of unknown composition, drugs without national approval number, look like The first is to take drugs of unknown composition, drugs without national approval, drugs that look like Chinese medicine or Chinese medicine, mixed with a variety of western drugs, not according to the norms of medication, ingredients cross, repeated medication, bringing difficulties to the adjustment of drugs later, resulting in intractable epilepsy; third is to listen to the misguided prescriptions, secret formulas and charlatans, delaying effective treatment, resulting in recurrent seizures, increasing damage to the brain, mental and intellectual disorders, resulting in intractable epilepsy. The above reasons lead to drugs that cannot eliminate the abnormal discharge of epileptic foci, or cannot block the propagation pathways of abnormal discharge and cannot reduce the excitability of the cerebral cortex and make epilepsy refractory to treatment. With the improvement of medical conditions and medical technology, more and more of the formerly intractable epilepsy is now no longer intractable, and most of the previously considered intractable epilepsy can now be treated through surgery and other methods, and most of the post-operative results are very satisfactory.