Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive organs and affect women’s menstruation to varying degrees. The uterine wall is divided into plasma, myometrial and mucosal layers from the outside inwards, and fibroids are classified into interstitial, subplasma and submucosal fibroids according to their relationship with the muscular wall. Larger fibroids can affect the contraction of the uterus and are not conducive to stopping bleeding during menstruation. In addition, some fibroids can compress nearby veins, causing congestion and dilation of the venous plexus of the endometrium, which can lead to increased menstrual flow and prolonged periods. Submucosal fibroids can also cause irregular bleeding or abnormal discharge of bloody pus-like fluid from the uterus if they are accompanied by necrosis or infection. Subplasmalemmal fibroids do not affect the morphology of the uterine cavity or the endometrium because they grow prominently on the surface of the uterus and do not affect menstruation. If the fibroids are located in the cervix and are large enough to compress the cervix or affect the secretion of hormones in the body, menstrual flow may be reduced or even stop. Most patients with fibroids do not have obvious clinical symptoms and have no or little effect on menstruation; however, larger fibroids or those in special locations may affect the morphology of the uterine cavity and the endometrium, resulting in increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstruation. Patients with fibroids that present with irregular vaginal bleeding for a long time may develop secondary anemia.