Q: My father has had hypertension for many years. Yesterday, he suddenly lost vision in his left eye and went to the hospital urgently. After a careful fundus examination by the ophthalmologist, he was told that the hemorrhage was caused by blockage of blood vessels in the fundus, and that it was related to the control of hypertension. So what are the causes of fundus hemorrhage? Why is it related to hypertension? A: Common fundus hemorrhagic diseases can come from retinal vascular and inflammatory diseases, from age-related and high myopia caused by macular hemorrhage, or from inflammatory and ischemic lesions of the optic nerve. Other diseases such as ocular trauma, fundus tumors and AIDS can also cause hemorrhage in the retina, choroid, optic nerve and macula. However, fundus hemorrhage is often not an independent disease, but a symptom common to many eye diseases and some systemic diseases, just as fever can be caused by many diseases. As people’s standard of living continues to improve and average life expectancy increases, the incidence of fundus hemorrhage is on the rise, seriously jeopardizing human visual function. For example, since retinal vessels are the peripheral vessels of the systemic circulatory system, some systemic circulatory metabolic diseases can lead to fundus hemorrhage, such as diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerotic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, renal retinopathy, retinopathy with hypertensive syndrome of pregnancy, leukemic retinopathy, anemic retinopathy, etc., which can cause fundus hemorrhage to varying degrees. . Therefore, fundus hemorrhage is now the leading cause of blindness in many countries and regions, and is a type of ophthalmic disease that is receiving increasing attention from ophthalmologists and society as a whole. Q: My vision has been declining in both eyes in recent years. Last week, I noticed that my right eye had blurred and distorted vision. What are the consequences of fundus hemorrhage? Will it have a significant impact on my eventual vision? A: The prognosis varies depending on the cause of the bleeding. A small amount of fundus hemorrhage can often be completely absorbed and neither affects vision nor has other symptoms, and is often detected only during fundus examinations for other reasons. However, if the hemorrhage is large and enters the front transparent refractive interstitial vitreous, the vision will be damaged to different degrees, such as involving the macula, which is the most sensitive part of vision, it can cause blurring and distortion of vision, and even cause blindness in serious cases. The patient’s quality of life will also be significantly reduced. So what are the treatments for this? A: Special emphasis should be placed on early diagnosis and early treatment. Diagnosis is often done with the help of fundus fluorescence imaging to understand the nature and cause of the lesion. In view of its pathogenesis is mostly related to the pathological state of the whole body, therefore, the treatment requires diversity, such as: the combination of local and systemic drugs, the indications and timing of laser and surgical treatment and so on. In principle, it is necessary not only to promote the absorption of bleeding as soon as possible, but also to provide targeted etiologic treatment, i.e., to treat both the symptoms and the root cause. In recent years, the rapid progress of modern technology has provided effective methods for the treatment of previously refractory fundus hemorrhage, such as photodynamic therapy for fundus hemorrhage caused by macular neovascularization and vitrectomy for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic mechanization. In addition, with the progress of research on the basic theory of blood activation and blood stasis in Chinese medicine, the treatment method of blood activation and blood stasis has been widely applied in the treatment practice of this disease. Therefore, if the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can be reasonably applied, better results can often be obtained in the individualized treatment of fundus hemorrhage, and it is worth promoting the application.