Gums can be painful for a variety of reasons. These causes can be due to poor brushing habits, gum disease, and mouth ulcers. Maintaining good oral hygiene is a good habit in itself, but not having the correct method can lead to gum damage causing pain and discomfort. Using toothbrushes with too much force and too hard bristles during brushing can cause direct mechanical damage to the gums in the process of cleaning the mouth, causing problems such as bleeding and pain. This phenomenon is not uncommon in daily life. Inflammatory gum disease is also a relatively common cause of gum pain. Gingivitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection. During inflammatory disease, the release of inflammatory mediators can occur continuously, and these substances can cause swelling and painful discomfort in the gums. When eating stuffed teeth is serious, it can easily lead to obvious swelling and pain in the gums of individual teeth, especially when biting, when food debris should be removed in time. Mouth ulcers are erosion wounds of the mucous membrane tissue of the mouth. Oral ulcers can occur in any part of the mouth, and the gum area is also a common area of incidence. The causes of mouth ulcers are complex, mostly due to viral or bacterial infections, and some people with autoimmune diseases are also prone to developing mouth ulcers. Oral ulcers in the gum area are painful as a direct result of incomplete ulcer trauma and ulcers, or as a result of food irritation during the eating process. The causes of gum pain are extremely complex, and many causes can lead to gum pain and discomfort. It must be treated according to the different causes in order to effectively relieve gum pain discomfort.