A single-target positive test is generally a result of the Neocoronavirus Nucleic Acid Test, which indicates that the result is positive and the patient’s body is suspected to be infected with Neocoronavirus. To detect whether a patient is infected with the New Coronavirus, single-target testing and multi-target testing can be used. The single-target test is mainly for the ORF1ab gene in the patient’s body, and if the result is positive, it means that the patient’s body is suspected to be infected with the new coronavirus. However, this test result cannot be used as a criterion for diagnosing novel coronavirus pneumonia. Patients with single-target positive results need to undergo follow-up testing, such as multi-target testing, to detect the N, E, and S genes in the patient’s body, as well as combining with imaging tests to determine whether the patient is infected with the new coronavirus. If the patient is diagnosed with the new coronavirus, he or she should be quarantined in a hospital as soon as possible and treated accordingly, avoiding contact with other people to prevent cross-infection. As single-target-positive patients are suspected to be infected, they should be isolated in hospitals in a timely manner, and nucleic acid tests should be conducted regularly during the isolation period. Tip: “New coronavirus pneumonia” and “new coronavirus pneumonia” mentioned in this article were renamed to “new coronavirus infection” on December 26, 2022, as announced by the National Health Commission.