Patients often take a gastroscopy result and then consult us: Doctor, I have a positive HP, is it serious? Will I get stomach cancer? In the age of advanced information technology, Helicobacter pylori (HP) has become widely known to the public, and its discovery has overturned the previous medical community’s understanding of many internal diseases, and as a result, its discoverer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. For example, in the treatment of peptic ulcers, in addition to suppressing acid secretion, we generally advise HP-positive patients to eradicate their HP and minimize its recurrence. However, some patients equate H. pylori infection with gastric cancer or with peptic ulcer, which is wrong! The occurrence and development of any disease is the result of a combination of internal and external factors. It does not mean that eradication of HP can guarantee 100% no recurrence of gastric cancer or peptic ulcer, but it has something to do with the patient’s genes, diet and living habits, and medication (mainly painkillers, cold medicines, anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents). Nowadays, the incidence of gastric cancer tends to be younger, which is related to factors such as young people often staying up late, irregular diet and consuming a lot of junk food (e.g. instant noodles). Then, which cases do we recommend patients to eradicate HP? 1. HP eradication is strongly recommended for: peptic ulcer (whether active or not and with or without complications), lymphoma of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (i.e. MALT lymphoma) 2. NSAIDs-like drugs (including low-dose aspirin), unexplained iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, other H. pylori-associated diseases, and strong personal demand for treatment by the patient. When to review to confirm eradication? It should be done at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment and after stopping the medication. What is the recommended method to detect the effect of treatment: 1. Urea breath test (non-invasive) . 2.Fecal antigen test (not yet widely available) . 3. Rapid urease test.