Since July 16, Henan Province, a rare and continuous heavy precipitation weather, as of July 20, Henan Province, the jurisdiction of the 31 counties 140 townships more than 280,000 people affected, according to the latest news on July 21, the flood has caused 12 deaths in Zhengzhou City, the local area has been transferred to avoid about 100,000 people. No fluke in front of the disaster, the crisis, how do we travel safely, drowning first aid, avoid electrocution, to ensure their own safety? The following precautions must be kept in mind! First, drowning first aid 1, loss of consciousness If a drowning victim loses consciousness, it is necessary to immediately follow the following steps to rescue and treat him. (1) open the airway rescuer kneeling on the side of the drowning, one hand on the forehead, a handheld jaw, open the airway, remove the drowning mouth and nose in the mud, sand, water plants, dentures and other foreign objects. (2) artificial respiration Under the premise of an open airway, the rescuer pinches the nostrils of the drowning person with his thumb and index finger, wraps his lips around the drowning person’s lips, and blows 2-5 times continuously (blow for 1 second and relax for 1 second). When performing artificial respiration, the rescuer can use clothing, and those who are in a position to use gauze, breathing film pads in the patient’s mouth, in order to protect the rescuer. (3) external chest compressions The root of the palm of the hand is placed at the midpoint of the line between the two nipples, the lower part of the sternum, the wrists of both hands overlap, the fingers are crossed and interlocked, the two arms are vertical, and the body weight is used to press downward at least 5 cm, not more than 6 cm. Press 100-120 times per minute, and perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration 2 times after 30 compressions. Repeat the above operation, and check once every 5 cycles whether the drowning person’s breathing and consciousness are restored until the emergency personnel arrive. 2.Conscious person Soothe the drowning person and place him/her in a more comfortable position; stay beside the drowning person and closely observe his/her vital signs until the emergency personnel arrive. If available, take off wet clothes for the drowning person and cover with clean clothes to keep warm. Second, electric shock first aid method away from high-voltage towers, transformers, distribution facilities and other devices suspected of having electricity; found high-voltage line pylons tipped, low hanging or broken wires, away from the risk, do not touch or approach to prevent electrocution. In case of numbness in the process of walking, be sure to turn your back to the wire break down point, single-legged jump, jump to 8 meters away, do not walk across. Once you find someone electrocuted on the ground, do not venture forward to rescue. Priority off the power supply, completely cut off the electricity before approaching the electrocution. Or use dry wooden sticks to move people to a safe range before rescue. Rescue method 1, observe the condition When the electrocution is awake, and breathing and pulse normal, let it lie down in place, while closely observing the electrocution consciousness, breathing and pulse. 2, side lying When the electrocution is not conscious, but breathing and pulse is normal, the electrocution needs to be turned to the side lying position. Take the right lateral position as an example, lift the right arm of the electrocution victim, put it on the side of the head, put the left hand on the right shoulder, bend the left leg, the rescuer’s hands are placed on the left shoulder and left knee of the electrocution victim, and turn it to the right lateral position. After the flip, you need to pay attention to observe the electrocution consciousness, breathing and pulse, such as the electrocution of the mouth secretions, should be handled in a timely manner to prevent asphyxiation. 3, cardiopulmonary resuscitation When the electrocuted person appears unconscious, and breathing and pulse stop, should immediately perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and call the emergency telephone 120, until the arrival of medical personnel. 3. Safety guidelines during rainstorm 1. Indoor safety 1) Place water barriers and other items as appropriate. (2) If the house is in disrepair or adobe, do not stay in the house. 3）Close windows and doors to prevent spherical lightning intrusion, etc. Do not approach the exposed metal objects of the building, such as water pipes, heating pipes, gas pipes, etc. Do not use the shower when lightning strikes. 4）Paste “rice” tape on the glass windows to prevent breakage and keep away from the windows. 2. Outdoor Safety Walking 1) Do not make or receive phone calls during thunderstorms and lightning, and do not take shelter under trees. (2) Heavy rain can cause the manhole cover to wash away and the road to collapse, so pay attention to observation and walk carefully. 3）Keep a certain distance from high-rise buildings. Riding 1) Stay away from deep water, stay away from vehicles and choose higher ground to move forward slowly. If the rain is heavy, it is recommended to park the vehicle in a safe place and the cyclist should take shelter from the rain as a priority. 2）Don’t let the raincoat block your vision and affect your hearing, and pay attention to the road conditions. 3）When the road condition is not good, it is better to push the car forward. Driving 1）When the water flooding height reaches the wheel radius, you should hang a low gear with less fuel and drive slowly and evenly. 2）When wading through water, when you encounter obstacles in front of you, hang a neutral gear but keep the engine speed, do not collect fuel. (3) If the car accidentally into the water off, do not start again. (4) If the vehicle is trapped in the water should be unbuckled and door safety lock, immediately open the windows completely, after stabilizing emotions and deep breathing, because only when the car is full of water, it is possible to open the door. (5) If you do not open the window in time, you can use a safety hammer to break the window, but note that kicking, smashing with keys or cell phones and other ways can not effectively break the glass. (6) choose a safety hammer to smash the glass (smash the edges and corners of the windows), if there is no safety hammer, you can pull out the seat head and pry the glass. 7）After opening the door, leave the vehicle as soon as possible and go to a higher ground. Road encounter standing water 1) if walking when encountering standing water, carefully observe the road conditions, if the water rises rapidly, to walk in a semi-squatting position, in time to move to higher ground. 2）If driving, try to avoid the waterlogged road, do not force through. Avoid lightning and high winds 1) When encountering heavy rain and lightning and high winds outdoors, take care not to approach the outer walls of buildings and electrical equipment as much as possible. At the same time, should not enter the shed, booths and other low buildings (structures) without lightning protection devices. (2) If you can not find a safe building with high ground, do not hold up the umbrella in the open or under the trees to take shelter, you should stop walking, low playing umbrella and two feet together immediately squat, wait for the lightning is slightly smaller or stop, immediately look for a safe hiding place. (3) driving in high winds should turn off the radio, GPS, car phone and other car electronic equipment, put away the corresponding antenna to avoid attracting lightning, and pay attention to do not drive into the bottom of the overpass or sunken tunnel. 3. Mountain Chapter Mountain avoidance 1) Continuous heavy rainfall is prone to flash floods, so avoid crossing rivers during heavy rain. 2）Don’t stay under the bottom loose mountain for a long time to prevent from being washed away by flash floods. (3) Pay attention to prevent injuries from landslides, rolling rocks and mudslides, and try to run to the high places on both sides of the ditch bank. 4. Food safety during rainstorms 1. Pay attention to food hygiene Raw and cooked food should be separated, raw and cold food should be fully cooked and consumed, it is not recommended to consume leftover food, and before consuming fruits and vegetables, be sure to use clean water to rinse and wash them. Unpackaged food that has been flooded should not be eaten; packaged or canned food needs to be noted for breakage, rust, puffed cans, if these phenomena, discard it, do not eat. Develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands before and after meals to avoid “illness from the mouth”. In the process of handling food, ensure the cleanliness and hygiene of knives, cutting boards, containers, pots and pans, and strengthen disinfection. Containers for raw and cooked food should be separated to prevent cross-contamination. 2, pay attention to water safety Do not drink raw water, try to drink boiled water, bottled water, avoid drinking water of unknown origin or contaminated water. When the water source is flooded, preferably choose deep well water, shallow well water, followed by consideration of river water, lake and reservoir water, pond water. Water containers should be frequently cleaned and disinfected, and rinsed with clean water after disinfection before use, and water taken by yourself must be disinfected before drinking. Specific disinfection methods: boil drinking water for more than 1 minute; those who have conditions can use chlorine preparations to disinfect. V. Prevention of infectious diseases after flooding After a flood caused by heavy rainfall, there are many problems associated with it. In addition to food spoilage caused by humidity, there are various germs and germ-carrying bodies that come with the flood, which can easily lead to drinking water contamination and cause various infectious diseases. So how can we accurately identify and prevent these infectious diseases? 1, intestinal infectious diseases Bacterial dysentery: chills, high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus-purulent blood stool, etc. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: high fever, toxic symptoms, splenomegaly, rose rash, etc. Hand, foot and mouth disease: mouth pain, anorexia, low fever, small herpes or small ulcers on hands, feet, mouth, etc. Preventive measures: Pay attention to dietary hygiene. Do not drink raw water, do not eat spoiled food, do not use sewage to wash fruits and vegetables, dishes, food soaked in sewage must be washed and eaten, raw and cooked food should be separated, food should be cooked and eaten. Avoid “disease from the mouth”. Wash hands before and after meals, dispose of garbage and feces in a timely manner, and strictly disinfect patients’ clothes and vomit. Protect water sources well. Disinfect drinking water with bleaching powder or bleaching powder tablets to ensure drinking of qualified water. 2. Zoonotic diseases Leptospirosis: high fever, headache, generalized aches and pains, calf pain, conjunctival congestion, swollen lymph nodes, etc. Preventive measures: Inside and outside the flooded houses, carry out disinfection work at the first time. It is recommended to use 84 disinfectant solution and spray the premises with a sprayer after dispensing water at a ratio of 1:60. Strengthen the management of domestic animals after the disaster to avoid animal excrement from polluting the surrounding environment with the flood. 3, insect-borne infectious diseases Epidemic hemorrhagic fever: fever, hemorrhage, congestion, hypotensive shock, kidney damage, etc. Schistosomiasis: fever, allergy, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, etc. Dengue fever: high fever, headache, muscle pain, skin rash, etc. Preventive measures: fly prevention and control, mosquito control and prevention. Try to prevent mosquito bites by wearing long sleeves and long pants, installing screens, using mosquito nets and other means. 4, skin inflammation eczema dermatitis: erythematous papules, itching, blisters, and even swelling, bacterial infection, etc. Preventive measures: Avoid sharing sanitary ware, have to share sanitary ware, should let healthy people first, the patient used after, after using, and then wash the soap. If the skin and mucous membranes are contaminated with unknown blood, urine, oral secretions, or excretions, they should be disinfected immediately. Reviewed by: Mei Xue, Chief Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Li Li Zhuo, Chief Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University