Chronic prostatitis has the potential to trigger overactive bladder syndrome, but it does not occur absolutely and varies from person to person. Because of the location of the prostate gland in close proximity to the bladder, it is possible for chronic prostatitis to cause irritation of the nerves controlling the bladder, which can lead to abnormal bladder function, resulting in the development of overactive bladder syndrome. Therefore, chronic prostatitis can cause overactive bladder syndrome, but this lesion is not necessarily seen in all patients with chronic prostatitis. It should be noted that, in addition to chronic prostatitis, bladder sensory hypersensitivity, detrusor instability, abnormalities of the voiding center, and mental behavioral abnormalities are also common causes of overactive bladder. Therefore, avoidance or timely intervention of the above causative factors is of positive significance in reducing the incidence of overactive bladder.