The Nuss procedure was first applied to the treatment of pediatric funnel chest by Dr. Nuss in 1998. The main advantages of this procedure are that it does not require a large incision in the chest, no free chest wall muscle flap, no rib cartilage or sternum removal, so the operation time is shortened, less intraoperative bleeding, and fast postoperative recovery. Nuss surgery not only corrects the deformity, but also improves the appearance and cardiopulmonary function, which is very popular among patients and pediatric surgeons and thoracic surgeons all over the world. Pre-operative guidance: 1. Children with funnel chest become inferior, introverted, depressed and reluctant to interact with the outside world due to the change in body shape. We should communicate with the child, infect the patient with warm and caressing words, tell the child that Nuss surgery is a minimally invasive surgery, the incision is concealed and small, the appearance is good, and the normal child’s body shape can be restored basically after surgery, eliminate the anxiety and fear of the child and the family, and cooperate with the medical staff to make good preoperative preparations to improve the success rate of surgery. 2.Tell the child and his parents in an appropriate way the cost of the operation, the purpose, significance and precautions of the preoperative examinations, as well as the operation method and the expected results after the operation. Parents of children with such diseases who have already undergone surgery are asked to introduce the results of the surgery to enhance their psychological tolerance of the surgery. 3.Children with preoperative upper respiratory tract, lung inflammation and skin infection should be treated actively and surgery should be postponed. The patient should be instructed to do effective lung function exercises, such as daily balloon blowing, whistling, deep breathing and effective sputum production, in order to facilitate alveolar expansion and prevent the occurrence of pulmonary atelectasis. Children with chest skin infection should be operated on another day. 4. Accurately measure the distance between the mid-axillary line on both sides and choose a plate of suitable length. Post-operative guidance: 1. Before waking up from anesthesia, the child should be returned to the ICU for special supervision, lying flat on the pillow, with a soft pillow on the shoulder, ventilator-assisted breathing, continuous monitoring of heart rate, respiration, SpO2, blood pressure and body temperature. After complete awakening of anesthesia, the tracheal intubation can be removed, and the child’s respiratory rate, amplitude, oxygen saturation and the presence of subcutaneous emphysema should be closely observed. 2.After extubation, the patient should be assisted to sit up and pat the back and aspirate sputum every 2 h. If the sputum is sticky and not easy to be excreted, chymotrypsin or mucosolvan should be given for aerosol inhalation and aspiration. 3.After waking up, the patient should be placed in a semi-recumbent position with the head of the bed elevated by 30-40°. The child’s shoulders and back should be supported by both hands. Generally, the child can be turned around after 24 hours. 4, Nuss surgery is not routinely placed chest tube, the amount, color and nature of the drainage fluid should be recorded for children with closed chest drains placed, and can be removed 24 hours after surgery. 5, pay attention to postoperative pain management: early intravenous pumps can be applied to relieve pain, and later on the child to perform psychological or even oral analgesic treatment, especially in older children, can prevent the occurrence of scoliosis complications. 6, do health education and discharge guidance: enhance nutrition, prevent colds, walking to maintain an upright posture, chest up, sleep need to lie down. After the discharge of the child should be strengthened management to prevent trauma. Generally, normal activities can be resumed slowly in 6 weeks after surgery, and after 2-3 months, they can participate in general sports activities, and it is not recommended to engage in strenuous sports activities such as boxing and soccer, etc. The plate will be removed after 2.5-3 years. For children over 12 years old and with body size close to adult, two plates should be placed and the extraction time should be extended (3-4 years). 7. X-ray examination should be performed in 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after surgery to understand the position of the steel plate and deal with any displacement in time.