When bone loss is serious in middle-aged and elderly people, it causes osteoporosis and the strength of bone is reduced, which can cause fracture when encountering mild trauma such as fall or bumpy car. Therefore, fracture in middle-aged and elderly people is based on osteoporosis, which is a risk factor for fracture. These fractures are commonly seen in thoracic and lumbar compression fractures, femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures, distal radius (Collet’s) fractures and surgical neck fractures of the humerus. The chance of fracture is increased in poor health and with important organ diseases such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hemiplegia. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, and diabetes are also often associated with fracture patients in middle-aged and elderly patients. A fracture is a serious trauma that can aggravate a pre-existing disease. Thoracolumbar compression fractures, femoral neck fractures and intertrochanteric fractures requiring long-term bed rest can cause complications such as pneumonia, decubitus ulcers and venous thrombosis of the lower extremities. In the process of fracture treatment, appropriate measures should be taken to address these characteristics.