Refractive errors include types of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Refractive error is one of the most important causes of visual impairment and has a high prevalence in China. The current treatment for refractive error is glasses and excimer laser surgery. Accurate optometry before prescription glasses and refractive surgery is a key part of obtaining good vision. The current methods of optometry for refractive errors are relatively diverse, and the results of various optometric methods are related to age, pupil and adjustment. Moreover, the various refractive structures of the patient’s eye are dynamic and can affect the results. The most common method used in hospitals is optometry with dilated pupils (i.e., ciliary muscle paralysis). The necessity of optometry under ciliary muscle paralysis in children can be accurately diagnosed with pseudophakia and latent hyperopia by excluding the effects of ciliary muscle accommodation after pupil dilatation and computerized optometry. Pseudomyopia is generally more likely to occur in those under l2 years of age; it is less likely to occur in those older than 12 and younger than 18 years of age; and it is generally less likely to occur in those older than 18 years of age. For younger patients, the refraction tested may be true myopia plus pseudomyopia, which means that the true or false can’t be seen from the number of degrees alone. You need to do some tests to find out. Pseudomyopia can be caused by a relatively young age, prolonged nearness (playing on the computer, reading books, watching TV at a closer distance, holding a pencil in the same posture, etc.) and excessive pressure from studies, and can be recovered with enough rest and longer periods of looking away to relax the ciliary muscles of the eyes. However, in some patients, pseudomyopia is so severe that it can only be relieved by dilating the pupils. The drugs commonly used in ciliary muscle paralysis optometry are tropicamide for ordinary dilatation and atropine for strong dilatation. 1, compound tropicamide: fast onset and short duration of action, only 20-25 minutes after the maximum effect, the effect lasts about 6 hours, generally does not affect the next day’s study and life, less side effects. 2. Atropine eye ointment or eye gel: Atropine can fully paralyze the ciliary muscle to achieve the best clinical state of adjustment of rest, and can get more accurate results in dilated optometry, so it is widely used in children’s dilated optometry. The eye is first examined under the natural pupil, and then atropine is used to spot the eye. The effect of atropine is slow and lasts for two to three weeks or even longer. The continued dilatation of the pupil can cause long-term blurred vision and photophobia, leading to inconvenience in learning and life, mainly including: dilated pupils, photophobia, blurred near vision, systemic side effects (flushing, dry skin, dry lips, rapid heartbeat, etc.) after atropine is absorbed through the mucous membrane, allergic reactions to atropine in some patients and The presence of contraindicated eye diseases in the eye for dilated pupils (closed-angle glaucoma, etc.), etc., can easily affect the psychology of patients and their families and make them less receptive. Since most children are hyperopic refractors, atropine must be used when children need diagnostic optometry for their first ophthalmology visit. This not only accurately examines the child’s static refraction, but also provides a detailed examination of the child’s posterior segment of the eye in a dilated pupil state, avoiding any missed diagnosis of posterior segment disease. At subsequent follow-up lens changes, the need for atropine can be determined by taking into account the child’s age and the previous atropine dilated pupil examination. Atropine is mandatory for all hyperopic children, and for myopic children, it is mandatory until the age of 7 years, with other ciliary muscle paralyzing agents available at the discretion of myopic children over the age of 10 years.