What are the clinical manifestations of orbital wall fractures?

  The clinical manifestations of orbital wall fractures are complex and varied, ranging from no clinical manifestations in mild cases to severe cases that seriously affect the patient’s appearance and function. The following is a brief description: 1. Nasal bleeding: The orbit is adjacent to the sinuses, such as the septal sinus and maxillary sinus, so when orbital wall fracture occurs, damage to the mucosa of the sinuses often occurs, which causes bleeding from the nasal cavity. 2. Intraorbital emphysema or subcutaneous emphysema of the eyelid: As mentioned above, orbital wall fracture occurs when the sinus mucosa ruptures causing nasal bleeding, at this time, most patients will blow their nose, thus, the gas in the nasal cavity flows back into the orbit or subcutaneous eyelid, causing emphysema with a twisting sensation when touched. Therefore, blowing the nose is contraindicated in patients with orbital wall fractures to prevent visual impairment and infection caused by emphysema.  3. Protrusion of the eyeball: Orbital wall fractures are often accompanied by intraorbital hemorrhage, emphysema, and contusive edema of the orbital soft tissues, which compress the eyeball to protrude outward.  Orbital wall fracture often results in enlargement of the orbital cavity and herniation of the orbital fat and extraocular muscles into the septal sinus or maxillary sinus, resulting in an inwardly sunken eye, which seriously affects the patient’s appearance.  5. Eye movement disorders and double vision: Orbital wall fractures can be accompanied by injury, adhesions, and canal clips of the extraocular muscles, resulting in limited movement or paralysis of the extraocular muscles, eye movement disorders, and thus double vision. The quality of life and daily work are seriously affected.  6. Sensory impairment: Fracture of the infraorbital wall can damage the infraorbital nerve, resulting in sensory impairment of the innervated area and numbness of the nose, cheek and upper lip.  7, other nerve injury: articular nerve injury can cause eye movement disorders, eyelid ptosis, pupil dilation, eye enlargement, etc., optic nerve injury is a serious decline in visual function, the occurrence of optic nerve contusion.  8, other adjacent tissue injury: orbit is adjacent to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, cranial brain and other tissues, so often accompanied by the injury of these tissues, resulting in the corresponding clinical manifestations.