Although myopia is not a major problem, it can be a major annoyance to millions of teenagers and parents. Myopia occurs mostly because of the long front and back axes of the eye, called axial myopia. Most myopia occurs in adolescents and adolescents, and as the eye axis grows longer and longer during the developmental stage, the prescription deepens each year, but does not develop or develops slowly after maturity. The growth of the eye axis is an irreversible change, with each millimeter of eye axis growth producing 3.00 diopters (or 300 degrees of myopia, as it is commonly called). Parents must realize that myopia can only be prevented or controlled as much as possible after it appears. It is impossible to reduce myopia after a dilated eye exam unless the child has laser surgery to correct the refractive error when he or she becomes an adult. The clinic of Beijing Children’s Hospital receives many youngsters with myopia every day, and we have summarized some methods to prevent and control myopia in our clinical work. We would like to introduce them to you here. The formation of myopia is closely related to the continuous prolonged use of eyes at close range. So first of all, attention should be paid to correcting the bad habits in life and removing environmental factors. Avoid using your eyes too close, and keep a normal reading distance of 30-35 cm when learning to read. Do not use your eyes for a long time, generally speaking, you should take a break or look into the distance after 40-50 minutes of continuous reading and writing or watching TV. Read under appropriate light or lighting. Do not read while walking or riding in a car. You should not read while lying down. Get enough sleep. Provide your child with a desk and seat of appropriate height. Pay attention to a balanced diet and ensure the intake of various nutrients. After the above requirements are met, there are some medical measures that can be taken to help control myopia. One type is to relax the ciliary muscle: for example, daily eye medication (i.e., fast pupil dilating medication) before going to bed, and the use of defocused lenses to keep the eyes in a relaxed state of adjustment while reading. The second type is to relieve visual fatigue through local physical therapy: for example, eye relief glasses. The third category is to wear special myopia correction glasses to control myopia development through more advanced correction: such as progressive multifocal lenses, corneal shaping glasses, and RGP corneal rigid contact lenses. The fourth category is supplementation of key nutrients for eye development: for example, oral nutritional supplements such as Lexapro. In conclusion, there is no one way to absolutely avoid the occurrence of myopia. We can reduce the onset or slow down the progression of myopia by reducing close work, improving the visual environment, and using some treatments in multiple efforts.