Strictly speaking, an abdominal aortic aneurysm should not be called an aneurysm; it is simply a permanent abnormal dilatation of the abdominal aorta that results from a localized weakness of the abdominal aortic wall, making the abdominal aorta look like an aneurysm from the outside. There are many causes of abdominal aortic wall weakness, the most common being atherosclerosis, while other causes include trauma, infection and congenital. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in middle-aged and elderly people, more often in men than in women. Most patients present to the hospital with a pounding sensation in the heart fossa or around the umbilicus and a pulsating mass in the abdomen. Some patients present with pain around the umbilicus, the ribs or the lower back, while the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, as in Einstein’s case, is often a sign of ruptured or acutely dilated abdominal aortic aneurysm. The final diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm requires imaging tests such as Doppler B-mode ultrasound, CT, and computerized digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Doppler B-mode ultrasound can clarify the presence of lesions 100% of the time, but due to factors such as intestinal pneumatization and obesity, Doppler B-mode ultrasound cannot accurately examine the size of the aneurysm and its relationship with the surrounding vascular organs such as the renal artery. DSA is the gold standard for the examination of abdominal aortic aneurysms, as it can measure the size of the aneurysm and its relationship with the renal artery, providing accurate data for aneurysm surgery. Once an abdominal aortic aneurysm is formed, the aneurysm will gradually expand and enlarge under the high pressure of arterial blood flow. According to Laplace’s law of physics, the larger the diameter of the aneurysm, the greater the pressure on its walls. Eventually, the arterial wall, which is already weak, will rupture. In general, the likelihood of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm increases significantly when it reaches 5 cm in diameter. Abdominal aortic aneurysms can rupture in a variety of ways, the common ones being open rupture into the abdominal cavity and rupture into the retroperitoneum. The former type of rupture leads to blood flowing into the abdominal cavity and a sudden decrease in blood volume in the cardiovascular system, and the patient can die rapidly within a short period of time. The latter type of rupture leads to blood entering the retroperitoneal space and forming a retroperitoneal hematoma, which can also lead to death from hemorrhagic shock if left untreated. Einstein’s abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptured in the latter way, and after four days of rupture, the great man of his generation passed away due to refusal of surgical treatment. There are two surgical approaches to abdominal aortic aneurysm: aneurysm encapsulation and aneurysm removal with artificial revascularization. The former surgical method is relatively old and is rarely used. Aneurysm resection with artificial revascularization is currently the most commonly used surgical method. Due to the increasing perfection of artificial vascular materials, the results of surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm are getting better and better. Since the 1970s, Huashan Hospital has been carrying out abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and artificial revascularization, and has completed dozens of cases so far, with a success rate of 97% and a maximum survival of more than 20 years after surgery. All these show that modern abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is safe and effective. In recent years, with the development of interventional therapy, abdominal aortic aneurysms can be treated by endoluminal artificial vascular isolation, bringing the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms into a new era of minimally invasive surgery. The specific method is to puncture the femoral artery at the root of the patient’s thigh and send a memory alloy stent wrapped with artificial blood vessels upward through the femoral artery to the abdominal aortic aneurysm via a delivery catheter. The purpose of preventing aneurysm rupture is achieved. At the same time, endoluminal artificial vessel isolation can also be used for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation aneurysm. The treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms and thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation aneurysms treated by endoluminal artificial vessel isolation at Huashan Hospital has been successful, and its minimally invasive advantages of not requiring an incision into the abdomen have been well received by patients. Although surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms is currently safe and reliable, and the advent of interventional therapy has minimized the trauma of surgery, the best treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms is still prevention. The first step is to have regular checkups in high-risk groups, which include patients with atherosclerosis, hypertension and senior citizens over 50 years of age, etc. The checkups are mainly Doppler B-mode ultrasound. It is also very important to remove predisposing factors, such as smoking, high-fat diet, and trauma, which are direct or indirect predisposing factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Once an abdominal aortic aneurysm is detected, prompt medical attention should be sought. Since there are no effective drugs to prevent further development and rupture of aneurysms, patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms should be treated surgically or interventionally, especially those with aneurysms larger than 5 cm. Half a century ago, Einstein’s treatment was delayed due to surgical conditions. If it were today, modern medical technology would have saved Einstein’s life, allowing the great man’s ideas and wisdom to continue to benefit humanity and promote the progress and development of society.