Cough is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory diseases in children, and children with cough as the main complaint in pediatric clinics account for more than 50% of outpatient visits. Chronic cough in children has a complex etiology, is difficult to diagnose, and is difficult to treat with common treatments, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of the child. There are many diseases that can cause chronic cough in children, such as: allergic cough, cough variant asthma, upper airway cough syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux cough, chronic cough after respiratory infection, eosinophilic bronchitis, bronchial foreign bodies, pediatric tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, congenital malformations, psychogenic cough, etc. Only after a clear diagnosis and targeted treatment can good results be achieved. For example, allergic cough and cough variant asthma, which are most commonly associated with asthma, can develop into typical bronchial asthma if not treated early and aggressively, which can make treatment more difficult. Another example is the upper airway cough syndrome: it is closely related to rhinitis, sinusitis and adenoid hypertrophy and requires active treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis; only then can the cough symptoms be controlled. In conclusion, if a child has a chronic cough, it is important to actively search for the cause and not to blindly use various antibiotics and cough medicines, which can cause unnecessary side effects in the child’s body and a huge financial burden for parents.