Rhinorrhea is one of the common clinical symptoms and can be caused by nasal sinus disease, which is the most common cause; in a few cases, it can also be caused by certain systemic diseases. Nasal bleeding can be unilateral or bilateral, and the duration of bleeding varies from a few seconds to more than half an hour; the amount of bleeding varies, and when it is small, it is only seen as nasal discharge with blood, and when it is large, it can cause shock.
A. There are two main types of causes of nasal bleeding.
1, the nasal cavity sinus itself causes
(1) trauma nasal bone, nasal septum, sinus wall fracture damage to the nasal mucosa, sinus and skull base fracture caused by bleeding more intense, life-threatening in serious cases; digging nose, forceful nasal blowing, sneezing, nasal foreign body damage to the nasal mucosa.
(2) Inflammation Various kinds of infectious inflammation of nasal mucosa cause nasal mucosa bleeding;
(3) Tumors Hemangioma, nasopharyngeal fibrovascular tumor, melanoma, hemorrhagic polyps, etc.
(4) Deformity Curved nasal septum, erosion, ulcer and perforation, etc.
(5) Other conditions such as foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, mostly seen in children.
2.Systemic disease as the cause
(1) Acute febrile infectious diseases Influenza, hemorrhagic fever, measles, viral hepatitis, etc.
(2) cardiovascular diseases hypertension, vascular sclerosis, etc.
(3) Hematologic diseases Abnormal coagulation mechanisms include hemophilia, abnormal fibrin formation, those who apply a large amount of anticoagulant drugs (such as patients with coronary artery stenting); abnormal platelet quantity or quality, such as thrombocytopenia, leukemia, etc.
(4) Malnutrition or vitamin deficiency Vitamin C, K, P or calcium deficiency.
(5) Chronic liver and kidney diseases, chronic hepatitis causes insufficient synthesis of coagulation factors and induces bleeding; chronic renal failure in the late stage is prone to bleeding from small vessel damage; rheumatic fever in children is also prone to nosebleeds.
(6) Poisoning Phosphorus, mercury, arsenic, benzene and other damage to the hematopoietic system cause rhinorrhea.
(7) Certain genetic diseases and endocrine disorders.
Second, on the treatment of rhinorrhea.
Of course, it is to find the cause of bleeding as soon as possible and remove the cause; at the same time, go to the bleeding site as soon as possible to choose the appropriate method to stop bleeding.
At present, there are many specific methods to stop bleeding, depending on the experience and habits of doctors and the equipment conditions of different hospitals.
Patients and their families should do the following most.
1, after the occurrence of nosebleed, more or less nervous, fear, then should try to remain calm, the more nervous, the higher blood pressure, the more bleeding, here the family should comfort the patient.
2. At the same time, pay attention to the amount of bleeding and the duration of bleeding.
Generally the first bleeding nostril is really bleeding side, there are a few is bilateral bleeding; can not distinguish that nostril bleeding, generally available fingers tightly pinch nose bilateral nasal flank 10 to 15 minutes; determine is unilateral bleeding, with the same side of the thumb will nasal flank forcefully pressed to the opposite side 10 to 15 minutes; at the same time with ice generation or towel cold compress forehead or back of the neck. If the above simple methods still cannot stop the bleeding, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. If you have hypertension, liver disease and other systemic diseases, it is best to go to the local hospital as soon as possible.