Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent and occurs almost worldwide, in children, adults or the elderly, in both urban and rural areas. The incidence is particularly high in areas where hookworm disease is endemic. According to the World Health Organization survey report, about 10-30% of the world’s population has varying degrees of iron deficiency. The prevalence is about 10% in men and greater than 20% in women, with women of childbearing age predominating. The prevalence is higher in Asia than in Europe. The peak age of onset in children is between 6 months and 2 years. Let’s talk about iron deficiency anemia in children as an example. Etiological analysis 1. Insufficient congenital iron storage: the fetus needs iron completely from the mother before 7 months of age, and has no iron storage of its own, and starts to take in and store iron from the mother 3 months before birth. Any factors affecting fetal iron stores can lead to anemia within 3-6 months after birth, such as premature babies, very low birth weight babies, twin babies, babies with severe iron deficiency during maternal pregnancy, etc. 2.Increased physiological needs. 3, dietary iron deficiency: infancy is mainly fed with dairy products, such food contains very low iron, 0.5-1mg/L, and the absorption rate is low, if there is a sufficient amount of breastfeeding within 6 months after birth, it can maintain the normal iron storage and hemoglobin needs. Anemia can also be caused by partial eating, picky eating or long-term poor eating habits in older children. 4. Excessive iron loss: Chronic blood loss such as peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal polyposis, hookworm disease, rhinorrhea, pulmonary iron-containing hemoglobinosis, etc., can cause anemia due to excessive iron loss (about 0.5mg of iron per 2ml of blood loss). The treatment plan is based on the principle of iron supplementation and removal of the cause of the disease. Ferrous sulfate is the most commonly used oral iron supplement. Iron is best absorbed in the 2-valent state, where it forms Fe-gastric iron binding factor complex with “gastric iron binding factor” in the stomach and is then absorbed in the upper part of the duodenum and jejunum. It is generally said that oral iron can be absorbed after 2 hours. The dose should be calculated according to elemental iron, 4-6mg/kg.d, preferably between meals, and should avoid taking with milk at the same time. In addition, tea contains tannic acid, which is easy to form insoluble iron tannate after drinking, thus hindering the absorption of iron and aggravating the anemia. Therefore, anemic patients should not drink tea. Treatment A more common problem in the current treatment of iron deficiency anemia is that the efficacy is judged only by whether the hemoglobin level returns to normal and is used as an indicator for stopping the drug, which may result in under-treatment or iron overdose. Foreign countries have in recent years suggested a relationship between iron overdose and the development of infections and cancer. It has been demonstrated that when blood iron increases, the susceptibility of sick children to bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections increases. Iron is a component of ribonucleic acid diphosphate reductase coenzyme, which can contribute to DNA synthesis in cancer cells, and iron excess can also cause accelerated cell chromosome division. Therefore, iron therapy is advocated, with FEP reaching 50ug/L as an indicator of drug discontinuation. Diet of iron deficiency anemia 1. High protein diet. Protein is the raw material for synthesizing hemoglobin, so attention should be paid to dietary supplementation, and the daily quantity should be about 80 grams, and high-quality protein foods such as animal liver, lean meat, eggs, milk and soy products can be used. 2, moderate fat intake, about 50 grams per day is appropriate. Fat intake should not be too much, otherwise it will reduce the digestion and absorption function and inhibit hematopoietic function. 3, a moderate amount of carbohydrates, about 400 grams per day. 4, eat iron-rich food, advocate the use of iron pot. Iron-rich food chicken liver, pig liver, beef and lamb kidney, lean meat, egg yolk, kelp, black sesame, sesame paste, black fungus, soybeans, mushrooms, brown sugar, rape, celery, etc. Iron is the main component of blood, and iron deficiency anemia is more common in people. The above-mentioned foods should be blended in the daily diet to achieve as much diversity of food as possible. 5. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins, especially B vitamins and vitamin C have good effect on the prevention and treatment of anemia. Precautions Correct bad eating habits, such as partial diet, vegetarianism, etc.