1. apply fistula debridement and fibrin glue injection treatment. As in the treatment of simple anal fistulas, the treatment of complex anal fistulas with fibrin glue injection is easy to perform and can be repeated. A few studies have reported a cure rate of 14-60% with the application of this method, although a low incidence of anal incontinence is theoretically considered but not reported. Xu Jianyong, Department of Anorectal Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2. Application of rectal nudge flap for internal closure treatment Application of rectal nudge flap is an effective method to treat complex anal fistula. This method removes the infected foci, closes the internal opening, does not cut the sphincter, has a small wound, and can be repeated. Treatment of anterolateral fistulae can also be combined with sphincter folding reconstruction. The success rate is 55-98%. Despite the fact that the sphincter is not severed when a rectal nudge flap is done, there is a 31% incidence of mild anal incontinence and 12% of severe anal incontinence. Factors contributing to poor outcomes include undrained abscesses, cancer or radiation therapy, rectovaginal fistulas >2.5 cm in diameter, fistulas less than 6 weeks in duration, and active Crohn’s rectal inflammation.