Sterilization methods include boiling, ultraviolet irradiation, alcohol sterilization and autoclaving. 1. Boiling: The main purpose is to kill all bacteria except spores through high temperature, so as to play the effect of disinfection and sterilization. It is suitable for towels, clothes, household dishes and other items. 2. Ultraviolet irradiation: mainly utilizes ultraviolet rays with a wavelength of 2000~3000Å to kill all the bacteria on the surface of objects. It is often used to disinfect the surface of utensils and indoor. 3. Alcohol disinfection and sterilization method: The main use of alcohol can penetrate the cell wall of bacteria, so that its protein denaturation and death, and then play a disinfection and sterilization effect. Usually used for object surface, skin disinfection, clinically used 75% concentration of alcohol solution. 4. High-pressure steam sterilization method: when the high-pressure steam reaches a certain temperature, it can germinate all the bacteria, and then play the role of disinfection and sterilization. It is suitable for the sterilization of metal items, culture medium, glass and other items. In addition, the methods of disinfection and sterilization also include sodium hypochlorite solution immersion method, solarization method, etc. Patients are advised to choose the appropriate way according to different items.