The etiology of penile erectile dysfunction (ED) can be divided into the following three types: (1) psychological ED: normal sexual intercourse requires that both spouses have sound physiological functions (neurological, vascular, endocrine, etc.), but also requires no psychological abnormalities. If the couple’s feelings are not coordinated or due to tension, stress, depression, anxiety and other psychological factors can also cause penile erectile dysfunction. (2) Organic ED ①vascular causes: including any diseases that may lead to reduced blood flow in the cavernous arteries of the penis, such as atherosclerosis, arterial injury, arterial stenosis, abnormalities in the pubic arteries and cardiac function, etc. ②Neurological causes: erection is a neurovascular functional activity, and lesions of the brain, spinal cord, cavernous nerve, pubic nerve and nerve endings, small arteries and receptors on the corpus cavernosum can cause ED. ③Surgery and trauma: large vessel surgery, brain and spinal cord surgery, transabdominal perineal rectal cancer radical surgery and pelvic fracture, lumbar compression fracture or urethral spine riding injury, etc. Endocrine causes: primary or secondary hypogonadism, thyroid disorders, reduced androgen synthesis and long-term use of certain drugs, etc. ⑤ Penile diseases: penile sclerosis, penile bending deformity, severe prepuce and prepuce, glansitis, etc. (6) ageing, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver and kidney insufficiency, hyperlipidemia, and poor lifestyle are risk factors for triggering ED. (3) Mixed ED: refers to the erectile dysfunction of the penis caused by a combination of psychosomatic factors and organic etiology.