Arterial embolism is a pathological process in which an embolus is dislodged from the wall of the heart or proximal artery, or enters the artery from outside and is pushed distally by the blood flow, blocking the arterial blood flow and causing ischemia or necrosis of the limb or internal organs. When peripheral artery embolism occurs, the affected limb has pain, pallor, loss of distal arterial pulsation, coldness, numbness and motor impairment. It is important to diagnose and administer appropriate treatment as soon as possible because of the rapid onset of the disease and the threat to the limb and life. Acute embolism of peripheral artery of cardiac origin is 80% to 90% from heart disease, and 2/3 of them are combined with atrial fibrillation. The common heart diseases are wind heart disease, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure and after heart valve replacement, subacute bacterial endocarditis and cardiac tumor (atrial mucinous tumor), etc. 1, organic heart disease: wind heart disease and coronary heart disease are the most common. The former patients are mostly younger, with a male to female ratio of 1:2; the latter are mostly older patients, with similar incidence in both sexes. According to statistics, before the 1960s, wind heart disease was the most important cause of arterial embolism; while after the 1960s, coronary heart disease was the main cause, and now coronary heart disease accounts for more than 70%, while wind heart disease is less than 20%. Combined atrial fibrillation is a high risk factor for peripheral arterial embolism, and about 77% of patients with peripheral arterial embolism have combined atrial fibrillation. According to statistics, chronic atrial fibrillation with acute arterial embolism is 3% to 6% per year, while the incidence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with arterial embolism is much lower. Old heart attack is also a risk factor for arterial embolism. Some studies have shown that long-term anticoagulation therapy [mainly oral warfarin and/or aspirin] is effective in reducing not only the incidence of stroke but also the rate of peripheral arterial embolism, regardless of the combination of atrial fibrillation. 2, acute myocardial infarction: is a common cause of arterial embolism, mostly occurs within 6 weeks of myocardial infarction. The death rate of post-infarction complicated by arterial embolism is as high as 50%, and heparin anticoagulation can reduce the incidence of arterial embolism. The combination of ventricular wall tumor after infarction is another source of arterial embolism. About half of the ventricular wall tumors have attached wall thrombosis, and 5% are complicated by arterial embolism. 3, arrhythmia type: sick sinus node syndrome (SSS) about 16%, complete atrioventricular block about 1.3% of the complications of arterial embolism. Other rare cardiac diseases that can be complicated by arterial embolism are bacterial endocarditis and post-prosthetic heart valve replacement. Bacterial endocarditis (SBE) emboli often embolize small terminal arteries, such as the palmar, metatarsal, and toe arteries, causing arterial embolism and tissue ischemia in addition to the spread of inflammation, which is a serious complication of bacterial endocarditis with an incidence of 15% to 35%; after prosthetic heart valve replacement, more than one arterial embolism will occur in 25% of patients, and 80% of the embolisms are intracranial, 10% of which are fatal, mostly in those who fail to adhere to lifelong anticoagulation therapy. Partial dislodgement of a left atrial mucinous tumor can lead to peripheral arterial embolism, but is very rare.