I often browse through patients’ consultation posts and find that “fundus hemorrhage” appears quite frequently, so I wrote this article in addition to making answers, hoping to provide answers to the majority of patients. Fundus diseases include retinal, choroidal and vitreous diseases, so fundus hemorrhagic diseases include retinal hemorrhagic diseases, choroidal hemorrhagic diseases and vitreous hemorrhagic diseases. Since the diseases involved are very complicated, here I will only list the common diseases with high incidence. 1, retinal hemorrhagic disease: the retina is the initiating part of the optic nerve, the eye feels the external image through the retinal cells, when the retinal blood circulation is impaired, hemorrhage is a very common sign, vision loss is a common complaint. The retinal vascular system belongs to the peripheral circulation and can reflect systemic microcirculatory system lesions, so systemic vascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and vasculitis, may eventually present with retinal vascular abnormalities. (1) Diabetic retinopathy: The prevalence of diabetes has reached 4% in China, and 40% of diabetic patients have different degrees of fundus lesions. Diabetic complications first damage the microcirculation, and retinal blood circulation bears the brunt of the initial lesion retinal capillary wall damage, punctate hemorrhage, exudative lesions, increased hemorrhage with ischemia in the middle stage, and proliferative lesions in the late stage and Retinal detachment and even neovascular glaucoma occur in the late stage, and eventually eye blindness. Especially in cases with poor glycemic control, the natural course of the disease develops rapidly and the prognosis is poor. Treatment emphasizes stable blood glucose control, early detection of fundus lesions, and drug, laser, and surgical treatment for different stages of disease onset. Do not avoid the disease, because the surgical results of advanced diabetes are very poor. (2) Retinal vein obstruction: The etiology includes arteriosclerosis and thrombotic obstruction due to hypertension and heart disease, which manifests as obstruction of retinal vein reflux, dilatation and massive retinal hemorrhage. Diagnosis requires fundus angiography to determine the severity of the lesion. Non-ischemic venous obstruction can be treated by medication, while ischemic venous obstruction requires timely laser treatment, otherwise the possibility of neovascular glaucoma is very high. (3) Peripapillary retinal veinitis: It is a common disease of youthful retinal hemorrhage, more common in males, with the age of onset concentrated in 20-30 years old, more common in both eyes, with recurrent retinal vitreous hemorrhage occurring and eventually pulling retinal detachment. Treatment is early laser closure of abnormal vessels and ischemic areas, and vitrectomy is required in severe cases. (4) Other diseases: Other diseases causing retinal hemorrhage include coats disease, fundus tumor, retinal inflammation, etc., which are relatively rare and require targeted treatment. 2, choroidal hemorrhagic diseases: choroidal hemorrhagic diseases are most commonly caused by choroidal neovascularization, the following three common diseases: (1) Age-related macular degeneration: the most common macular degeneration diseases in the elderly, with the increasing incidence of aging increases year by year, seriously endangering the patient’s vision, the patient complains of vision loss, the central black shadow in front of the eyes, visual distortion, etc., fundus examination can see the central area of the retina The patients complain of loss of vision, central darkness in front of the eyes, and distortion of objects. This kind of disease has been the current medical research hotspot, in the past can only do symptomatic treatment, conservative medication effect is very poor, in the past 5 years there are photodynamic laser treatment has certain effect, the disadvantage is the high cost, need multiple treatment, and in the past 2 years the invention of intraocular injection of anti neovascular antibody (AVASTIN, LUCENTIS, etc.), the effect is more accurate, the disadvantage is the need for multiple injections. These medical research results bring hope of cure for patients with age-related macular degeneration. (2) Idiopathic choroidal neovascularization: Macular choroidal neovascularization occurs in young patients, also known as central exudative chorioretinopathy, and many irregular diagnoses such as “central retinitis” are mostly this kind of disease. It is also highly valued by ophthalmologists because it endangers the vision of young and middle-aged patients. The symptoms and treatment of the disease are very similar to those of age-related macular degeneration. (3) High myopic macular degeneration: It occurs in patients with high myopia (>600 degrees of myopia), and is also a macular neovascular disease, with symptoms and treatment similar to age-related macular degeneration. 3, vitreous hemorrhage disease: the vitreous itself is not vascular, vitreous hemorrhage is caused by the rupture of normal or abnormal blood vessels in the retina and choroid, serious cases of the above listed diseases will lead to vitreous hemorrhage, the patient’s vision decreases to light perception or only see manual, treatment requires vitrectomy treatment, intraoperative laser or drug treatment of the original disease. It is worth mentioning that the current opinions of doctors at all levels of hospitals regarding the timing of surgery are very diverse, but the recommended timing of treatment by the National Funduscopic Group is that surgery is required for hemorrhage observed for 1 month without significant absorption, and for patients with retinal traction and retinal detachment, surgery is required as early as possible. In summary, fundus hemorrhage is a relatively large group of diseases in ophthalmology with varying treatments, and because it is a very general diagnosis, it should not be present in the physician’s definitive diagnosis. The majority of patients who encounter such problems must have a clear diagnosis and correctly targeted treatment, and restoration of light is not a dream.