I. What is a cataract?
The lens is a transparent biconvex lens through which light passes and is clearly imaged on the retina. When the lens is cloudy, the transmission of light is affected, and you can’t see clearly.
What are the treatments for cataract?
1.Drugs: No drug has been proven to be effective in delaying, preventing or treating cataract; 2.Surgery: The most commonly used procedure is ultrasonic emulsion lens aspiration combined with IOL implantation, and at present, it is generally believed that surgery can be performed when vision loss affects daily work and life and causes reading inconvenience. Especially for patients with double-eyed senile cataract, surgery should be considered even if the cataract is not yet mature, because when the cataract is excessively mature, the risk of surgery will increase and the time required for post-operative recovery will be prolonged. Cataract surgery is not age specific. However, elderly people with systemic diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes should be effectively controlled and their blood pressure and blood sugar should be stabilized at normal or near normal levels.
Do I have to implant an IOL for cataract surgery?
At present, cataract ultrasound emulsification surgery is the most advanced surgical method commonly used in the world to treat cataract. Through an incision of only 3 or 2 mm or even smaller, the cloudy lens nucleus is crushed into a chylomicron and then an artificial lens is implanted. It is very popular among patients because of the small incision and quick recovery of vision after surgery. Implanting an IOL during cataract surgery can avoid the trouble and inconvenience of wearing highly farsighted glasses after surgery, and can also obtain more satisfactory vision at an early stage. However, for some special cases, such as: phase I surgery for traumatic cataract and congenital cataract patients younger than 2 years old, IOL implantation should be selected at the appropriate time according to the specific situation.
4. Guidance on daily life for cataract surgery patients: 1. Diet: Please take a light, easily digestible, nutritious and less stimulating diet, eat more coarse fiber food, avoid chewing hard food (e.g. nuts), keep bowel movements smooth, avoid forceful bowel movements, and prohibit smoking and alcohol. If you have diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases, please follow the doctor’s instructions to consume the treatment diet, at the same time should be on time medication, regular monitoring; 2, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, 3 months to avoid strenuous exercise, can do walking, slow walking, playing tai chi and other sports; 3, pay attention to safety, try to avoid collision surgery eye; 4, pay attention to eye hygiene, do not splash dirty water into the eye, do not use dirty hands to wipe the eye; should not watch TV, reading, watching the computer for a long time 5.Follow the doctor’s instructions and take oral medication on time; 6.For children with congenital cataract, amblyopia training should be carried out under the guidance of the doctor after surgery; 7.In the early postoperative period, you may not adapt to strong light, you can wear sunglasses to block the light and avoid discomfort caused by wind and sand entering your eyes. Your visual acuity will stabilize 3 months after surgery. You should have a refractive examination at the time of review and get glasses to adjust your vision at distance or near if necessary to achieve the best visual acuity; 8. Cataract surgery routinely requires 3 follow-ups, at 1 day, 1 week and 3 months after surgery; 9. If you suddenly develop abnormalities such as eye redness, swelling, pain, increased secretion and vision loss after surgery, please go to the hospital in time.