Depressive neurosis, also known as depression, is a psychological disorder characterized by a predominantly affective disorder with persistent depressed mood as the main symptom. The disease occurs mostly in young people aged 20-30 years. According to the relevant departments, the incidence of this disease accounts for an average of about 6% of psychiatric disorders. There are two main types of this disease, manic state and depressive state, which manifest as high or low emotion, and sometimes the two states alternate. Depression shows extreme mood disorders, such as showing intense agitation, excitement or sadness, depression and other emotional reactions, often accompanied by anxiety, somatic discomfort and sleep disorders. Patients are always emotionally pessimistic, depressed, disappointed, and lonely, thus feeling uninterested in life, purposeless in learning, unplanned in work, and reluctant to interact with others, but their daily life is not significantly affected, and they show signs of actively seeking medical attention. The disease is associated with heredity, psychological trauma, excessive stress, physical illness and psychosocial factors. Among college students, certain psychological stimuli, such as excessive anxiety and tension triggered by strong fright, sharp criticism, and the shock of a lost love, may be the causative factors of the disease. The treatment of this disease is based on supportive psychotherapy or patient-centered therapy, which mainly helps patients to exclude the causes of the disease and eliminate anxiety. Medication is based on antidepressants, and the prognosis is generally good. Prevention is based on a correct view of life, society and reality, cultivating an optimistic attitude and improving tolerance for setbacks.