Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of back and leg pain, with a high incidence of more than 15%. It has a great impact on people’s daily life and work. As age increases, the extent of the lesion gradually worsens and will cause a series of more serious symptoms. It is a disease in which the lumbar intervertebral disc degenerates and then, under the action of some external force, the fibrous ring ruptures partially or completely, along with the nucleus pulposus, which expands outward and compresses the nerve roots or spinal cord and other tissues, causing back pain and a series of neurological symptoms. It is also called “lumbar spine fibular ring rupture”. Li Zheng, Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University It is generally believed that lumbar disc herniation occurs on the basis of intervertebral disc degeneration, and that trauma is often an important cause. It is generally believed that disc degeneration begins after the age of 20. The water content of the nucleus pulposus gradually decreases, and the elasticity and load resistance of the intervertebral disc also decreases. In daily life, the disc is repeatedly subjected to loads such as extrusion, flexion and torsion, and it is easy to produce fissures from the inside out at the rear of the lumbar disc where the disc is subjected to the greatest stress, i.e., the fibrous ring, and this change is not accumulated but gradually aggravated, and the fissures are increasing, so that the fibrous ring here gradually becomes weak. On this basis, due to a heavy trauma, or repeated mild trauma, or even some daily activities to increase the pressure of the disc, can prompt further rupture of the degenerative and accumulative injury of the annulus fibrosus, the degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue by the weakness of the annulus fibrosus or the rupture protrudes, the injury of the annulus fibrosus itself can cause lumbago, and the protrusion compresses the nerve root or cauda equina nerve, causing lumbago and radiated lower limb pain, as well as symptoms and physical symptoms of neurological impairment. The protrusion compresses the nerve root or cauda equina, causing low back pain and radiating lower limb pain, as well as signs and symptoms of nerve function impairment. In addition, genetic factors, pregnancy, smoking, wind and cold, congenital malformation of the lumbosacral column, and diabetes mellitus (which accelerates arteriosclerosis and thus blood flow, and causes metabolic disorders and accelerates degeneration or protrusion) can all cause or trigger this disease. Low back pain and radiating pain in the lower extremities: Most patients have symptoms of low back pain and sciatica, with pain radiating from the lumbosacral region to the buttocks, posterior and lateral thighs, calves, heels and dorsum of the feet. The pain may be relieved when bending at the waist and hips; it may be aggravated by coughing, sneezing, and stooling. Low back pain decreases at rest and worsens with activity. Most patients cannot walk long distances due to the presence of pain. Numbness: Some patients may feel numbness in the lower legs and feet. Weakening of strength: When the disease is severe, there may be a weakening of the ankle and toes, and it is best to visit a hospital when this occurs. Restricted lumbar movement: Patients with lumbar disc herniation will have less lumbar mobility in all directions, usually more pronounced in the posterior lumbar extension hand line, and, the pain is often aggravated when the lumbar extension is posterior. Cauda equina syndrome: Patients present with alternating left and right sciatica and numbness in the perineal region Severe patients may experience incomplete paralysis of the lower extremities, difficulty with urination and defecation, male patients may experience impotence, female patients may experience urinary retention and incontinence, and once cauda equina syndrome occurs surgery is often required.