When the eye is adjusted at rest, equal light from 5 meters away passes through the refraction of the eye, the focal point falls exactly on the retina and can form a clear image, and the eye with this refractive state is called orthokeratology. An eye with this refractive state is called orthophoric. An eye whose focal point falls in front of the retina and cannot accurately form a clear image on the retina is called axial myopia.
Myopia can be prevented and controlled, but cannot be cured (except for surgery). Depending on the specific situation of myopia, the following prevention and control methods are summarized.
1, no myopia or pseudomyopia (confirmed by astigmatism), but vision when good or bad, prevention methods are as follows.
(1) limit the distance of reading and writing, requiring a distance > 750px, reading TV, computer, book rest 5 to 10 minutes per hour, strictly prohibit crawling and looking, bias head look.
(2) the use of distant realm (static or automatic type), such as using distant mirror to read and write, can not have to control the reading posture, time and distance, because the distant mirror can offset the look close and automatically correct the sitting posture.
(3) the use of eye sensitivity instrument, resonance mirror, etc., so that the eyes move (increase eye sensitivity), eye spirit not myopia.
2, 50 to 225 degrees of myopia (dilated pupil optometry to confirm the diagnosis).
(1) wear glasses, the first time the vision correction to 1.0, the follow-up correction to 1.2. only look far (such as watching TV, blackboard, etc.) when wearing;
(2) Every six months, dynamic observation of myopia changes;
(3) When the development is faster, use K-type telephoto lenses to offset the near adjustment and correct the writing posture.
3.250～500 degrees myopia (confirmed by dilated pupil examination).
(1) wear glasses: vision correction to 1.2, wear all day;
(2) Preferred patch-type far-chemical realm (or automatic): reading and writing and watching TV and computer with;
(3) add the use of eye sensitivity instrument, can enhance the effect.
4, more than 600 degrees of high myopia (dilated pupil optometry to confirm the diagnosis).
(1) wearing glasses: vision correction to 1.0, wear all day;
(2) reading, writing and watching TV and computer, use patch-type telephoto glasses or automatic telephoto glasses;
(3) add with eye care device or resonance mirror (no obvious degeneration of the fundus), the effect is better.
5.Myopia with more than 200 degrees of astigmatism (or astigmatism-based myopia).
(1) wear glasses: vision correction to 1.2, under 10 years old, wear all day, more than 10 years old can usually do not wear, wear when looking far;
(2) preferred eye resonance lenses (expansion of the eye loose adjustment and relieve astigmatism);
(3) the addition of patch-type far-reaching realm can enhance the effect.
6, moderate myopia with amblyopia.
(1) Hazardous.
(1) amblyopia can aggravate myopia;
② myopia in the amblyopia treatment summary is easy to develop into high myopia.
(2) Treatment principles.
①Cure amblyopia as soon as possible;
②An amblyopic device must be equipped with an anti-myopia device: such as a telecine or sensitivity training device.
7. High myopia with amblyopia (<8 years old).
(1) Wearing glasses: vision correction to the highest, all day wear;
(2) amblyopia treatment: cure to 1.0 or higher as possible, to help prevent high myopia caused by fundus hemorrhage, retinal detachment and vision, blindness;
(3) Wearing distant lenses and using eye care instruments.
8.Myopia with other serious eye diseases (such as exotropia, endotropia, ophthalmoplegia, high astigmatism) severe amblyopia, etc.
(1) Hazards: Other eye diseases may aggravate myopia.
(2) Treatment principles.
(1) Early treatment of other eye diseases;
(2) Treatment principles: ①Cure other eye diseases as soon as possible; ②Anyone with astigmatism can use ocular expansion resonance lenses;
(3) fast development of myopia with the use of telephoto lenses and sensitive lenses.
9. Degenerative myopia.
(1) Hazardous.
(1) Harmful: (1) Easy retinal hemorrhage and detachment;
(2) Treatment principles: (1) The retinal hemorrhage and detachment; (2) The eye sensitivity is extremely low due to adjustment paralysis.
(2) Treatment principles.
①limit strenuous activities;
(2) Treatment principles: ① Limit strenuous activities; ② Early use of telecine;
(3) Early use of ocular sensitivity meter;
④Check the trace elements, such as iron, should be timely supplementation;
⑤ adjust the frame, reasonable prescription.
10.Monocular medium and high myopia.
(1) Hazards.
① can increase the burden on the good eye, causing the good eye to become myopic;
(2) cause amblyopia;
(3) Difficulty in integration of both eyes, easy to visual fatigue.
(2) Treatment principles.
①Cure amblyopia as soon as possible;
(2) treatment principles: ① cure amblyopia as soon as possible; ② myopia undercorrection 50 – 100 degrees;
(2) Treatment principles: ① cure amblyopia as soon as possible; ② undercorrection of myopia by 50–100 degrees; ③ use eye sensitive mirror to avoid spasm or paralysis of good eye regulation.
11, preschool myopia.
(1) Hazardous.
(1) Lifelong development, easily develop into high myopia;
(2) General preventive measures are ineffective;
(3) easily combined with amblyopia, aggravating myopia;
(2) Treatment principles.
(2) Treatment principles: (1) Early use of distance lenses;
(2) treatment principles: ① early use of distance lenses; ② if the distance lenses cannot be controlled, add sensitive lenses;
(3) Treatment by amblyopia apparatus.
12.Hereditary myopia in primary and secondary school students.
(1) Harmfulness.
(1) Lifelong development;
②Often accompanied by amblyopia;
(3) Easy retinal hemorrhage and detachment.
(2) Treatment principles.
①Limit near vision;
(2) Treatment principles: ①limitation of near vision; ②early use of distance lenses;
(3) Cure amblyopia as soon as possible;
(4) Check the trace elements, such as iron, should be timely supplementation.
13.High myopia in primary and secondary school students.
(1) Hazards.
① easy in strenuous activity retinal hemorrhage detachment;
(2) heavy learning tasks, easy to induce rapid development;
(3) with adjustment paralysis, eye sensitivity is very poor;
(2) Treatment principles.
①limit strenuous activities: such as playing basketball, high jumping, diving, etc.;
(2) Treatment principles: ① Limit strenuous activities: such as basketball, high jumping, diving, etc;
(3) Early use of sensitive lenses to maintain a certain sensitivity of the eyes.
14. Rapid development of myopia (more than 100 degrees per year).
(1) wear glasses: vision correction to 1.2, wear all day;
(2) preferred myopia sensitivity instrument, plus the use of patch-type telephoto mirror to see near or desktop telephoto mirror better.
15, myopia development is faster, other methods can not be effectively controlled by.
(1) Hazardous.
(1) Harmful: (1) It is easy to develop into high myopia;
② become highly myopic secondary to fundus hemorrhage, retinal detachment and blindness.
(2) Treatment principles.
①Check and adjust the prescription of glasses, make up the astigmatism, adjust the optical center, adjust the frame, reduce the lens vertex distance, adjust the legs and nosepiece to prevent the frame from slipping;
②Check the eye axis, adjust the frame to enlarge the field of vision;
③ double key point control: ① patch distant chemical mirror; ② myopic sensitive mirror; ③ TV computer mirror is used to reduce part of the mixed myopia.