The goal of diabetes treatment is to stabilize blood glucose within a fixed range, and of course oral medications are intended for this purpose only. Oral medications are convenient, have a clear effect and are highly adherent. They are a good choice for diabetic patients. Which drugs can lower blood sugar to treat diabetes? Here is an introduction. Junming Hu, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Baicheng Hospital
Biguanides.
There are mainly benzylguanidine and metformin. The former has been eliminated due to its large side effects. The main effect of metformin is to lower blood sugar by reducing the output of liver glycogen. It is the first-line drug for overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical practice has demonstrated that metformin can reduce glycated hemoglobin by 1-2% and can reduce cardiovascular events and mortality in obese or It may delay the progression of abnormal glucose tolerance to diabetes.
Pro-secretory agents.
The main ones are sulfonylureas and nonsulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas include: mebendazole (D-860), glibenclamide (euglycemia), glipizide (Mepida), gliclazide (Damectin), gliquidone (Glucophage), and glimepiride (Vansupine, Amoxicillin, Eri, etc.). The non-sulfonylurea class includes: Repaglinide (floxuridine, nandrolone), and nateglinide. These drugs mainly stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells to lower blood sugar. The former can lead to hypoglycemia and weight gain. The latter, on the other hand, is blood glucose dependent, so it is more physiological.
Insulin sensitizers.
The main ones are rosiglitazone (Vindia) and pioglitazone (Belegiline). These drugs can enhance the utilization of insulin by peripheral tissues and reduce insulin resistance. They can lower glycated hemoglobin and do not cause hypoglycemia.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
The main ones are acarbose (bacitracin) and voglibose. They inhibit the conversion of starch into glucose by inhibiting the glycosidase enzyme in the small intestinal mucosa, and affect the absorption of glucose to lower blood sugar. The use of such drugs is ineffective if hypoglycemia, oral glucose.
For the treatment of diabetes medication in the selection should follow the different according to the person and the disease, pay attention to the effect of drugs on diabetes and complications. Drugs can be used alone or in combination. Regularly review the relevant biochemical indicators and adjust the dosage of drugs. In the treatment of diabetes it can be said that the above mentioned drugs are the only options available for the treatment of diabetes. Theoretically, the discovery and research of these drugs and their widespread use in clinical practice is the result of the long-term work of many scientists and is the result of the condensation of countless types of drugs. There are no drugs or methods that can replace them yet.
Regarding herbal medicine and food for diabetes, as far as the current research is concerned, there is no herbal medicine, food or prescription that can have the effect of lowering blood sugar. Oral insulin is not yet available.