The incidence of thyroid cancer (thyroid cancer here refers to papillary carcinoma) has doubled in recent years and the number of surgeries has also increased. The trial is still in progress, and about 10-15% of the patients in the trial opted for surgery each year for various reasons. It is true that some doctors in China agree with the idea of over-treatment. There are two main reasons for this: First, some doctors are blindly pursuing the idea that cancer can be treated conservatively without surgery, which is a very “trendy” concept. However, it seems to lack the scientific rigor of medicine to blindly agree before the conclusion of a clinical trial. Second, thyroid cancer has a low mortality rate. If someone suggests that liver cancer surgery is over-treated, it will be taken as a joke, but thyroid cancer is different. As a thyroid specialist, it is true that we do not encounter many clinical cases of thyroid cancer death, but there is more than one indicator to measure the damage of a disease to patients than the mortality rate, because the nail cancer surgery that originally requires only about four or five centimeters of conventional incision due to delayed treatment becomes traumatic. Complications are several times higher, and the neck-clearing surgery that requires 15 to 20 centimeters of incision and post-operative radionuclide internal radiotherapy bring damage to the whole body organs, which I believe all patients are not willing to bear. Personal summary: Domestic guidelines for thyroid surgery suggest that surgery is the first choice for suspected or confirmed thyroid cancer, and that the so-called overtreatment concept is not mainstream from the current point of view.