In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer in China has been soaring, and the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased nearly 5 times in the past 10 years. Faced with such a high incidence rate, many people cannot help but feel their necks for fear of finding a “small bump”. The high incidence of thyroid cancer is not only related to radiation, bad living habits and family history, but also to the improvement of medical imaging technology and the increasing detection rate of the disease due to the increasing number of people undergoing medical checkups. Despite the rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, the resulting mortality rate has not increased significantly, so the public should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of the disease, but there is no need to be overly panic, as 95% of patients can be cured with standardized treatment. Surgery is still the first choice of treatment for thyroid cancer, and there is a significant proportion of microscopic thyroid cancer that can be observed for a long time without any treatment and will not affect the quality of life. If treated properly, papillary and follicular thyroid cancers can reach normal life expectancy. Papillary carcinoma accounts for 60% to 70% of all thyroid cancers and is less malignant, with a 10-year survival rate of up to 88%, and is mostly seen in children or young (before 40 years of age) female patients. Follicular carcinoma accounts for about 10%-15% of thyroid cancer. It is less malignant, with a 10-year survival rate of 50-90%, and is mostly seen in women aged 40-60. Medullary carcinoma accounts for 3%-10% of all thyroid cancers and has a moderate malignancy with a 10-year survival rate of 70-75%. Thyroid cancer is particularly prevalent in women. Thyroid cancer has surpassed breast cancer as the first malignant tumor in women, and its high incidence in women may be related to estrogen. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland is recommended for women during their physical examinations, and after the age of 30, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland should be done once a year, and once a nodule is found, it should be further determined by the hospital. In particular, patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who find nodules must have further tests and shorter follow-up. The first question they ask is often “Doctor, is this cancer? Should I have surgery?” In fact, there is no need to be nervous when nodules are found, as thyroid nodules do not mean that you have thyroid cancer. Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in human body, which secretes thyroxine and plays an important role in human metabolic function. A normal human thyroid gland has a uniform texture and should be 4 to 5 cubic centimeters in size, like a beautiful butterfly attached to both sides of the trachea. Once something grows in the thyroid gland that should not, it is collectively called a nodule. Depending on the type of pathology, this nodule can be a thyroid adenoma, a nodular goiter, or worst of all, a thyroid cancer. For thyroid cancer that requires aggressive treatment surgery is its preferred treatment option. The current surgical procedures for thyroid cancer are total/near-total thyroidectomy and isthmus resection of thyroid lobes. Among them, surgery for microscopic cancer does not require total thyroidectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, and the five-year survival rate after surgery can reach 95%. Regardless of the type of surgery, the patient’s laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands must be protected. The thyroid gland is deeply located, and the surrounding tissues, blood vessels and nerves are rich, which may damage the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid gland with carelessness, resulting in lifelong hoarseness and malignant hypocalcemia, which seriously affects patients’ quality of life. In recent years, the level of thyroid cancer treatment in China has been greatly improved, and relevant clinical treatment standards have been introduced one after another. Especially, the application of intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring equipment, through the intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring system to quickly identify the nerve alignment, has been able to achieve nerve protection, which has significantly improved the safety of thyroid surgery. In today’s tense doctor-patient relationship, the trust between doctors and patients is further lacking. We hope to work together with everyone to be a doctor that patients fully trust, to treat each patient with full dedication, and to minimize each patient’s pain.