More than 90% of thyroid cancer is differentiated thyroid cancer, which has a relatively good prognosis and a long survival period. In addition to the history of radiation exposure, family history and clinical symptoms, ultrasound is the most important imaging test for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, which should be considered if there are hypoechoic nodules, microcalcifications, rich blood supply in the central area and unclear borders. Once thyroid cancer is diagnosed, a combination of surgery, I131, TSH suppression therapy, etc. is needed. In recent years, radiofrequency ablation and biologic therapy are emerging, but their specific effects are yet to be further studied. Regarding the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer, there are clear guidelines at home and abroad. Bilateral total thyroidectomy or total excision of the affected side + contralateral near-total excision is generally considered as the mainstream surgical approach for differentiated thyroid cancer. I131 treatment is not very popular in China, because the hardware equipment of nuclear medicine department is not very popular and many surgeons in China are not standardized. TSH suppression therapy (levothyroxine tablets) after thyroid cancer surgery is currently the conventional treatment mode after thyroid cancer surgery, generally to control the patient’s TSH level below 0.1mU/L.