Burns mainly refer to damage to the skin, mucous membranes, and even deep tissues caused by heat, chemical substances, electrical energy, and radiation, among which thermal burns of the skin (such as hot water, flame, etc.) are the most common. According to the depth estimation of burns, three degrees and four divisions are generally used, namely, first degree burns, shallow second degree burns, deep second degree burns and third degree burns. Severe burns not only damage the skin, but can also reach deep into the subcutaneous tissue, muscle, bone and even cause systemic internal environmental changes such as shock and infection. China is a large population, the annual incidence of burns is about 1.5% to 2%, that is, about 20 million people suffer from different degrees of burns every year. According to statistics, burn injuries rank second only to traffic accidents in the number of deaths due to accidental injuries in China every year, and there are also a large number of injuries combined with burns in traffic accidents. So what are the first aid measures at the scene of different burns? A. Hot water burns Hot water burns are one of the most common thermal burns, the primary first aid treatment method is to remove the injured part of the clothing soaked in hot water, as soon as possible from the heat source, with a large amount of cold water rinse or soak the injured part to reduce severe pain, about half an hour. Do everything possible to reduce the local temperature and reduce the heat to further damage to the body. Second, flame burns occur when the flame burns, should quickly leave the source of the fire. When the body on fire do not panic, water can be used to douse the fire, you can also take off the clothes on fire, or roll slowly on the ground to put out the fire. Do not run at the scene of the fire, so as not to burn more and more vigorous and thus aggravate the burns; do not use your hands to put out the fire to prevent hand burns; do not shout, try to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of high-temperature smoke leads to more serious respiratory burns. Third, electrical contact burns Electrical contact burns are injuries caused by the direct passage of electric current through the body, not only deep burns, sometimes can make the limbs charring, and even injury to internal organs, in serious cases can endanger the life of the patient. First responders should immediately and quickly pull the electric switch, or use wooden sticks, bamboo rods and other insulated items to cut off the power, extinguish the burning clothes. If the patient’s heart and respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, external cardiac compressions and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration should be performed immediately, while contacting 120 as soon as possible to transfer to the nearest hospital. Chemical burns include strong acids, strong alkalis, etc. The common first aid method is to first remove the clothes soaked with chemical solutions, and then flush the trauma with a lot of water to remove the chemicals and also play a cold therapy role. Generally after a lot of water rinse, caution to use neutralizing agents, because if you choose improperly will produce neutralizing heat aggravate the burn. For some special parts of chemical burns (such as the eye), while applying a large amount of clean water to flush the eye, collagenase inhibitors or subconjunctival injection of autologous serum can be used if available. Common strong acid chemical burns are: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or carbolic acid burns. Different types of strong acid burns result in different trauma colors, such as nitric acid burns with yellow scabs, sulfuric acid burns with black or brown-black scabs, and hydrochloric acid or carbolic acid burns with white or gray-yellow scabs. Common strong alkali chemical burns are: potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide (commonly known as kerosene) and lime burns. Especially for burns caused by lime, first sweep away the lime powder stuck on the skin, and then rinse with plenty of water. Never stick a lot of lime powder wound directly in the water, so as not to lime in water heat aggravate the burn. After cleaning the wound with a clean towel or clothing simple bandage, that is, sent to the hospital for treatment.